Madras Mint – Early Coinages – Silver Fanam et infra 1690 to 1763

The second issue fanams have several interesting features: The number of dots on the reverse (two or three on the double fanam, and one on the single), and two styles of design. These features suggest either different times of striking, and/or different mints. No documentary evidence has been found to clarify this matter.

In 1706 [1] the Madras authorities did keep back one chest of treasure from a shipment for the production of fanams.

A study [2] of the weight distribution of a number of these fanams and has identified a variety that has a weight consistent with the second issue, but the cruder design of the third issue. The following graphs summarise the analysis.

 

 

The graph of single fanam weights show that the 1st issue cannot be distinguished from the 2nd by the weight alone, whilst the second graph shows that there are two 3rd issue style double fanams that clearly fall within the weights of the 2nd issue style coins. A variety has therefore been added to the 2nd issue coins.

It will also be noticed that the coins bear different numbers of dots on the reverse. The significance of this is not known. The dots do not correspond to value. Possibilities include mint or minter identification marks.

 



[1] Bombay Public Consultations, 5th September 1706. IOR P/341/2:

Letter dated 22nd June 1706 from Fort St George to Bombay – ‘….except one chest they reserved for fanams and doubted not that the Company would approve thereof….’

[2] Stevens P.J.E., ONS. Occasional Paper 27, August 1992