Madras Presidency

View/Print .pdf

Madras Mint – Reformation – Gold, Two Pagodas 1808 to 1817

(Persian = do hun = Two hun):

(Tamil = 2 vara kun, Telugu = 2 varahani = 2 hun)

Seven tiered Gopuram of a temple, standing on stony ground. Seven or nine stars on each side. All this surrounded by a buckled garter. On the garter is the value in English:

TWO PAGODAS

and Persian.

Figure of Vishnu holding a sword in his left hand. Dotted and other symbols on each side and a lotus flower below. All surrounded by three circles of beads. All this within a ribbon, the ends separated by a star. On the ribbon is the value in Tamil and Telugu. All within a beaded border.

Official Weight (g)	5.94
Actual Weight (g)	5.89-5.93
Actual Diameter (mm)	20.1-21.6
Edge	Grained Right
Composition	Gold
Axis	↑↑
Mintage	1,063,912

Catalogue

Cat No.

Photo Link

Obv

Rev

Obverse

Reverse

Provenance

Comments

Rarity

Stars

Stops

Buckle

Gopuram

3 Circles

Stop

3.1

√ 192c.

9/9

End

Oval

Yes

3.2

√ 192.

9/9

End

Oval

Yes

Ste

3.3

√ 193.

9/9

End

Oval

Stacks

Ref: BM

3.4

√ 194.

9/9

End

Oval

Yes

Ste, Anantha Raghuraman

3.5

√ 195.

9/9

End

Oval

Yes

Oswal

Ref: BM

3.6

√ 195c.

9/9

End

Oval

Spink, Noon

3.8

√ 197.

III

9/9

End

Oval

Yes

Ste

3.7

√ 196.

9/9

End

Oval

Noon

3.9

√ 196b.

9/9

End

Oval

Yes

Bald

Ref: Baldwin (2007), sale 53, lot 2079

3.10

√ 196c.

III

9/9

End

Oval

Yes

Bald, SA

3.11

√ 196d.

9/9

End

Oval

3.12

√ 196e.

9/9

End

Oval

Yes

Bald

3.12C

√ 196g.

9/9

End

Oval

3.13

198.

9/9

End

Square

Yes

Ref: BM

3.14

√ 199.

9/9

End

Square

Busso Peus

Ref: BM. Dot group in Persian legend on obverse

3.15

√ 201.

9/9

End

Square

Ste

3.16

201c.

III

9/9

End

Square

Yes

3.17

√ 201e.

9/9

End

Square

Oswal

Dot group in Persian legend on obverse

3.18

√ 202d.

9/9

C+E

Oval

Yes

Tody, Noon

3.19

√ 202a.

9/9

C+E

Oval

Bald

3.19C

√ 202b.

9/9

C+E

Oval

SA (viaRJ)

3.20

√ 202c.

9/9

C+E

Oval

Yes

St James

3.21

√ 202e.

9/9

C+E

Oval

Yes

Ponterio, Zeno

3.22

√ 202g.

9/9

C+E

Oval

Bald

3.22C

√ 202i.

9/9

C+E

Oval

3.23

√ 203.

9/9

None

Oval

Her

3.24

204.

7/7

None

Square

Ref: BM

3.24C

√ 204e.

7/7

None

Oval

Yes

Noon

3.25

√ 204c.

7/7

None

Oval

Ponterio

3.26

√ 200.

7/7

End

Square

Ste, Busso-Peus

Group of dots in Persian legend on obverse

3.26C

√ 200c.

7/7

End

Square

SG, Her, RJ

Obverse Varieties

Number of stars	The number of stars on each side of the gopuram can vary.
Stops in Legend	There may be no stops, an end stop alone, or a centre stop plus an end stop in the English legend
Shape of Buckle	The buckle may be oval or square
Gopuram	The centreline of the gopuram may point between the letters G and O, between the letters O and D, or directly at the letter G, O or D.

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
Number of stars	9/9	9/9	9/9	9/9	9/9	9/9	9/9	9/9
Stops in Legend	End	End	End	End	End	End	End	End
Shape of Buckle	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Square	Square	Square
Gopuram	OD	O	G	GO	D	GO	G	O

	I	I1	J	K	K1	L	M	N	O	P
Number of stars	9/9	9/9	9/9	9/9	9/9	9/9	7/7	7/7	7/7	7/7
Stops in Legend	C+E	C+E	C+E	C+E	C+E	None	None	None	End	End
Shape of Buckle	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Square	Oval	Square	Square
Gopuram	GO	G	OD	O	D	O	G	O	GO	O

Reverse Varieties

3 circles of beads	All three circles of beads are complete, or the stalk of the lotus flower or other symbols interrupt one or more of the circles.
Bead in Telugu legend	There may or may not be a bead in the Telugu legend.

	I	II	III	IV
3 circles of beads	Yes	Yes	No	No
Bead in Telugu legend	Yes	No	Yes	No

Madras Mint – Reformation – Gold, Pagoda 1808 to 1817

(Persian = hun = hun)

(Tamil = vara kun Telugu = varahani = hun)

Seven tiered Gopuram of a temple, standing on stony ground. Five stars on each side. All this surrounded by a buckled garter. On the garter is the value in English:

PAGODA

and Persian. All within a beaded border.

Figure of Vishnu holding a sword in his left hand. Dotted and other symbols on each side and a lotus flower below. All surrounded by one circle of beads. All this within a ribbon, the ends separated by a star. On the ribbon is the value in Tamil and Telugu separated by a bead. All within a beaded border.

Official Weight (g)	2.97
Actual Weight (g)	2.93-3.05
Actual Diameter (mm)	16.8-17.6
Edge	Grained Right
Axis	↑↑
Mintage	1,381,809

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Obv	Rev	Obverse		Reverse			Provenance	Comments	Rarity
Cat No.	Photo Link	Obv	Rev	Buckle	Gopuram	Beads in Cross	Stop	Sword	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.27	√ 205.	A	I	Oval	O	11/9	Yes		Ste		R
3.27C	√ 205c.	A	Ia	Oval	O	11/9	Yes	LH & RH	Anantha Raghuraman		R
3.28	√ 206.	A	III	Oval	O	13/11	Yes		Ste, Spink	Previously listed as reverse II with 13 dots left. A malformed crescent looks like two extra dots. See photos	RR
3.28C	√ 206c.	A	V	Oval	O	9/11	?		World of Coins		RR
3.29	√ 207.	B	I	Oval	OD	11/9	Yes		Ste, Noon	Ref: Puddester	S
3.30	208.	B	III	Oval	OD	11/11	Yes			Ref: Thompson	RR
3.32	√ 209.	C	III	Oval	D	11/11	Yes		Ste		R
3.33	√ 210.	D	I	Square	OD	11/9	Yes		Ste, Noon, RJ	Exists with and without a group of 3 diamonds in the obverse Persian legend, or a bead above Vishnu. See Photos	S
3.33B	√ 210c.	D	III	Square	OD	11/11	Yes		RJ		R
3.34	√ 211.	D	IV	Square	OD	11/9	No		Ste	Authenticity suspect on some specimens.	R
3.35	√ 208c.	E	I	Square	D	11/9	Yes		Ste, Tody, Noon	Originally given obverse C. Now changed to obverse E.	S
3.36	√ 213.	F	I	Square	O	11/9	Yes		Noble, ClassNG, Noon		S
3.36C	√ 213c.	F	III	Square	O	11/11	Yes		Tody		S
3.37	√ 214.	F	IV	Square	O	11/9	No		ClassNG	Ref: BM	RR
-	√ 215.	-	-	-	-	-	-		Ste	Jeweller’s copy. Wt = 3.09g. Diam = 18.4-18.7mm	NR

Obverse Varieties

Buckle Shape	The buckle may be square or oval.
Gopuram	The centreline of the gopuram may point between the letters O and D, directly at the letter O, or directly at the letter D.

	A	B	C	D	E	F
Buckle Shape	Oval	Oval	Oval	Square	Square	Square
Gopuram	O	OD	D	OD	D	O

Reverse Varieties

Stop in Legend	There is usually a stop between the Tamil and Telugu legends. On some coins this stop is not present.
Top Left Cross	To the left of Vishnu is an arrangement of dots topped by a cross shape, representing one of his wives. The number of dots that form this figure varies.
Top Right Cross	To the right of Vishnu is an arrangement of dots topped by a cross shape, representing one of his wives. The number of dots that form this figure varies.
Vishnu's Sword	The facing figure of Vishnu usually holds a sword in his left hand, but rarer examples exist with the sword in both hands.

	I	Ia	III	IV	V
Stop in Legend	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	?
Top Left Cross	11	11	11	11	9
Top Right Cross	9	9	11	9	11
Vishnu’s Sword	LH	LH & RH	LH	LH	LH

Madras Mint – Reformation – Silver, Half Pagoda 1807 to 1808

(Persian = Nim hun phuli = half a flower, or star, pagoda)

(Tamil = Arai pu vara kun, Telugu = Ara pu varahani = half a flower, or star, pagoda)

Nine tiered Gopuram of a temple, standing on stony ground. Between eight and eighteen stars on each side. All this surrounded by a ribbon, the ends of which are separated by a star. On the ribbon is the value in English:

HALF PAGODA

and Persian.

Figure of Vishnu holding a sword in his left hand. Dotted and other symbols on each side and a lotus flower below. All surrounded by three, four or five circles of beads. Around this is the value in Tamil and Telugu. All within a beaded or toothed border.

Official Weight (g)	21.17
Actual Weight (g)	20.69-21.29
Actual Diameter (mm)	35.4-37.4
Composition	Silver
Edge	Grained Right
Axis	↑↑
Mintage	500,800

Catalogue

Cat No.

Photo Link

Obv

Rev

Obverse

Reverse

Provenance

Comments

Rarity

Stars

Persian

Circles of Beads

Crosses

Tamil

Telugu

3.38

√ 224.

Inward

15/14

Left

Inward

Right

Outward

Ste, RJ

Ref: BM

3.39

225.

VIII

Inward

13/14

Left

Outward

Right

Outward

Ref: BM..

3.40

√ 223.

17+1+17

Outward

16/11

Left

Inward

Right

Outward

Ste

3.41

√ 222.

VIII

16+17

Inward

13/14

Left

Outward

Right

Outward

Ste, Noon

Obverse: centre stop only, no end stop

3.42

√ 222c.

III

Inward

17/16

Left

Inward

Right

Inward

ANS 1917.216.4753.

3.43

√ 221.

Inward

16/14

Left

Inward

Right

Inward

Ste, Howard Simmons, Bombay, Noon

This coin was previously recorded incorrectly as having Rev V.

3.44

√ 221c.

Inward

15/13

Left

Inward

Right

Inward

Bald

3.45

√ 220.

VII

Inward

15/14

Right

Inward

Left

Inward

Ste, Noon

3.46

√ 220c.

Outward

15/13

Left

Inward

Right

Outward

Bald, Vikram Coins

See photos for a specimen that has turned in the die

3.47

√ 218c.

Outward

16/11

Left

Inward

Right

Outward

Ste

3.48

√ 219.

Outward

14/16

Left

Inward

Right

Outward

Bald, RJ

3.49

√ 218.

Outward

16/11

Left

Inward

Right

Outward

ANS, Noon

3.50

√ 217.

Inward

16/14

Left

Inward

Right

Inward

Ste, Noon, Her

See photos for an example of an 8 reales used as the blank

3.51

√ 216.

Outward

16/13

Left

Inward

Right

Outward

Glen, Bald

Pattern. 31mm. Ref: Pr. sale part 2, Oct 1982, lot 370. Then Baldwin (2000), Sale 22 (Wheeler), lot 20. Axis: ↑↑

Unique?

Obverse Varieties

There is usually a centre and end stop in the English legend. However, on one variety (C) there is only a centre stop. Since this only occurs on this one obverse variety, and the number of stars is a more obvious distinguishing feature, the stops in the legend are not included as part of the variety identifiers.

Number of stars	The number of stars on each side of the gopuram can vary.
Persian Legend	The top of the Persian legend may face inward or outward.

	A	B	C	D	E
Number of stars	18	17+1+17	16+17	16	15
Persian Legend	Inward	Outward	Inward	Inward	Inward

	F	G	H	I	J
Number of stars	14	14	13	12	8
Persian Legend	Inward	Outward	Outward	Inward	Outward

Reverse Varieties

Circles of Beads	There may be 3, 4 or 5 circles of beads.
Top Left Cross	To the left of Vishnu is an arrangement of dots topped by a cross shape, representing one of his wives. The number of dots that form this figure varies.
Top Right Cross	To the right of Vishnu is an arrangement of dots topped by a cross shape, representing one of his wives. The number of dots that form this figure varies.
Tamil Legend	The Tamil legend may be at left or right and may face inward or outward.
Telugu Legend	The Telugu legend may be at left or right and may face inward or outward.

	I	II	III	IV	VI
Circles of Beads	5	5	5	5	5
Top Left Cross	15	15	17	16	15
Top Right Cross	14	13	16	14	13
Tamil Legend	Left Inward	Left Inward	Left Inward	Left Inward	Left Inward
Telugu Legend	Right Outward	Right Outward	Right Inward	Right Inward	Right Inward

	VII	VIII	IX	X	XI
Circles of Beads	5	5	4	4	3
Top Left Cross	15	13	16	14	16
Top Right Cross	14	14	11	16	13
Tamil Legend	Right Inward	Left Outward	Left Inward	Left Inward	Left Inward
Telugu Legend	Left Inward	Right Outward	Right Outward	Right Outward	Right Outward

Reverse V was originally added by mistake. The coin believed to have reverse V with 13 dots at the right, actually had reverse IV. No reverse V coins are known at present.

Reverses IX and XI have a plain circle surrounding the circles of beads while the other reverses do not. See Rev photos

Madras 17 Counterfeit 1807 Half Pagoda A I Obv Madras 18 Counterfeit 1807 Half Pagoda A I Rev

Probable modern counterfeit of A/II sold on eBay originating from Russia

Madras Mint – Reformation – Silver, Quarter Pagoda 1807 to 1808

(Persian = Pau hun Phuli = Quarter of a flower, or star, pagoda)

(Tamil = Kal vara kun, Telugu = Kai varahani = quarter pagoda)

NB. Bottom photo has one letter missing from the Telugu legend.

Seven tiered Gopuram of a temple, standing on stony ground. Thirteen, eleven or nine stars on each side. All this surrounded by a ribbon, the ends of which are separated by a star. On the ribbon is the value in English:

QUARTER PAGODA

and Persian. All within a beaded or toothed border.

Figure of Vishnu holding a sword in his left hand. Dotted and other symbols on each side and a lotus flower below. All surrounded by three or four circles of beads. Around this is the value in Tamil and Telugu. All within a beaded border.

Official Weight (g)	10.58
Actual Weight (g)	10.36-10.74
Actual Diameter (mm)	25.8-27.2
Composition	Silver
Edge	Grained Right
Axis	↑↑
Mintage	1,772,896

Catalogue

Cat No.

Photo Link

Obv

Rev

Obverse

Reverse

Provenance

Comments

Rarity

Stars

Persian

Letters

Circles

Stops

Beads

Tamil

Telugu

3.52

√ 233.

13+1+13

Outward

AGO

Quintets

Outward

SA, RJ, Noon

3.53

√ 232.

11+1+11

Outward

AGO

Single

Outward Missing

Ste, RJ

One letter missing from Telugu legend. Ref: SNC Sept 1976 pp. 319. SNC April 1980 pp. 147

3.54

√ 232c.

III

11+1+11

Outward

AGO

Single

Outward

RJ, Marudhar, HC, Noon

3.55

√ 226.

9+9

Inward

AGO

Quintets

Inward

Ste, Noon

3.56

√ 227.

9+9

Inward

AGO

4/5

Inward

Noon

3.56C

√ 227e.

9+9

Inward

PAGO

Quintets

Inward

Noble, RJ

3.57

√ 228.

9+9

Inward

GOD

Quintets

Inward

Ste, Noon

3.58

√ 229.

9+9

Inward

GOD

Quintets

Inward

Ref: Kaslove

3.58C

227c.

VII

9+9

Inward

GOD?

Quintets

Inward

Ref: BM 1935.0401.12294

3.59

√ 230.

9+9

Inward

AGOD

Quintets

Inward

Ste, Noon

3.60

√ 231.

9+9

Inward

AGOD

Quintets

Inward

Ste

Ref: Wiggins

Obverse Varieties

Number of stars	The number of stars on each side of the gopuram can vary.
Persian Legend	The top of the Persian legend may face inwards or outwards.
Letters under Gopuram	The base of the gopuram may be above the letters AGO, PAGO, AGOD or GOD of PAGODA. An easy way to distinguish these varieties is that the central line of the gopuram points straight to the G in the AGO and PAGO varieties, straight to the O on the GOD variety and between the G & O (or at least to one side of the O) in the AGOD variety.

	A	B	C	C1	D	E
Number of stars	13+1+13	11+1+11	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9
Persian Legend	Outward	Outward	Inward	Inward	Inward	Inward
Letters under Gopuram	AGO	AGO	AGO	PAGO	GOD	AGOD

Reverse Varieties

Circles of Beads	There may be three or four circles of beads surrounding Vishnu.
Stops in legend	The Tamil and Telugu legends may be separated by two quintets of dots arranged roughly in the shape of a diamond, a quartet of dots above Vishnu plus a quintet below, or by two single dots.
Beads in Cross to left of Vishnu	The number of beads to the left of Vishnu varies.
Letters in Tamil Legend	There can be different numbers of letters in the Tamil legend at left.
Telugu Legend	The top of the Telugu legend at right may be oriented outward or inward and the bottom letter may be missing

	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII
Circles of Beads	4	4	3	3	3	3	3
Stops in legend	Quintets	Single	Single	Quintets	Quintets	Quartet + Quintet	Quintets
Beads in Cross to left of Vishnu	16	16	14	15	15	15	13
Letters in Tamil Legend	8	8	8	8	9	8	8
Telugu Legend	Outward	Outward Letter missing	Outward	Inward	Inward	Inward	?

Madras Mint – Reformation – Silver, Five Fanams 1807 to 1808

(Persian = Panj falam = Five fanams)

(Tamil = Anacu panam, Telugu = Aedu rukalu = Five fanams)

The value in Persian within a plain circle and surrounded by the value in English:

FIVE FANAMS

All within a plain border.

The value in Telugu in two lines within a plain circle. Around this is the value in Tamil. All within a plain border.

Official Weight (g)	4.65
Actual Weight (g)	4.42-4.78
Actual Diameter (mm)	16.3-17.8
Composition	Silver
Edge	Grained Right
Axis	Not Fixed
Mintage	988,423

Catalogue

Cat No.

Photo Link

Obv

Rev

Obverse

Reverse

Provenance

Comments

Rarity

Legend

Stops

F & A

V & F

Tamil Letter

Stops

3.61

√ 234.

4+1

Yes

Ste, HC, Oswal

3.62

√ 235.

1+4

Yes

Ste, HC, Bombay

3.63

√ 235c.

1+4

3.64

√ 236.

III

1+4

Open

Ste

3.65

√ 237.

1+4

Retrograde

Yes

HC, Noon

3.65A

√ 237c.

1+4

Retrograde

Bombay

3.65C

√ 237e.

FANAMS

1+4

Yes

Ste, HC

3.66

√ 238.

FANAMS

4+4

Ste

3.67

√ 239.

1+4

Retrograde

Yes

Ste, HC, RJ

S of FANAMS, retrograde. Some coins have no bar on the first A in FANAMS

3.67C

√ 239c.

FANAMS

1+4

Retrograde

Yes

S of FANAMS, retrograde. Some coins have no bar on the first A in FANAMS

3.68

√ 240.

1+4

Wrong

Yes

Zeno, HC

Ref: Thompson

3.69

√ 241.

1+4

Wrong

Yes

Ste, HC, Noon

Obverse Varieties

Outer Legend	The outer legend may begin at the top left with FIVE at the top or bottom right with FANAMS at the top
Stops in Legend	The stops in the English legend may be composed of single dots (1), or a quartet of dots (4) arranged roughly in the shape of a diamond. These can be mixed on a single coin (e.g. 4+1 means quartet after FIVE and single after FANAMS, 1+4 means single after FIVE and quartet after FANAMS)
F & A in FANAMS	The first two letters of FANAMS may be mal-formed with the F struck over E and a missing or weak cross-bar on the first A
V in FIVE & F in FANAMS	V in FIVE represented by an upside-down A. F in FANAMS represented by an E.
S in FANAMS	The S in the word FANAMS may be retrograde.

	A	B	B1	C	D	D1	E	F
Outer Legend	FIVE	FIVE	FANAMS	FANAMS	FIVE	FANAMS	FIVE	FIVE
Stops in Legend	4+1	1+4	1+4	4+4	1+4	1+4	1+4	1+4
F & A in FANAMS	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK	Mal-formed
V in FIVE & F in FANAMS	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK	Incorrect	OK
S in FANAMS	OK	OK	OK	OK	Retrograde	Retrograde	OK	OK

Reverse Varieties

Last Tamil Letter	The last letter in the Tamil legend may be the normal closed type, or open. This is probably a die or striking error rather than a variety. On one variety the letter is retrograde.
Stops in Tamil legend	There may or may not be stops in the Tamil legend.

	I	II	III	IV	V
Last Tamil Letter	Closed	Closed	Open	Retrograde	Retrograde
Stops in Tamil legend	Yes	No	No	Yes	No

A group of coins

Description automatically generated with medium confidence

Described as a mint specimen set (3.65, 3.78, 3.87C)

Madras Mint – Reformation – Silver, Two Fanams 1807 to 1808

(Persian = Do falam = Double fanam)

(Tamil = Irantu panam, Telugu = Renddu rukalu = Two fanams)

The value in Persian with or without a plain circle around. This is surrounded by the value in English:

DOUBLE FANAM

All within a plain border.

The value in Telugu in two lines with or without a plain circle around. Around this is the value in Tamil. All within a plain border.

Official Weight (g)	1.85
Actual Weight (g)	1.70-1.87
Actual Diameter (mm)	12.1-13.2
Composition	Silver
Edge	Plain
Axis	Not fixed
Mintage	1,511,087

Catalogue

Cat No.

Photo Link

Obv

Rev

Obverse

Reverse

Provenance

Comments

Rarity

Circle

Stops

Spelling

Circle

Legend U/S down

Stops

3.70

√ 242.

III

Yes

1+1

Yes

Noon

3.71

√ 243.

Yes

1+4

Yes

4+4

Ste, Noon

3.72

√ 244.

Yes

1+4

Yes

4+4

Ste, HC

3.73

√ 245.

III

Yes

1+4

Yes

Ste, RJ, Noon

Some examples have no bar on the first A and a weak bar on the second A in FANAM

3.74

√ 246.

Yes

1+4

Yes

1+1

Ste

3.74A

√ 246c.

IVa

Yes

1+4

Yes

4+1

DNW/RJ

ANS 1988.84.184

3.75

√ 247.

Yes

1+4

Ste, RJ, Tody

3.75C

√ 247B.

Yes

1+4

4+1

Tody, Noon

3.76

247C.

VIII

Yes

1+4

4+1

Ref: Todywalla

3.77

√ 249.

III

Yes

1+4

ᴦᴧNᴧM

Yes

Ste

3.78

√ 250.

III

Yes

1+4

ᴦANAM

Yes

Ste, Noon

3.78A

250c.

Yes

1+4

ᴦANAM

Yes

1+1

3.79

√ 251.

Yes

1+1

Ste, Weir, Noon

3.79C

√ 257e.

Yes

1+1

F, N & M wrong

Yes

1_1

3.80

252.

0+1

Recorded from Pridmore. Probably Rev I-Iva (centre circle)

3.81

√ 253.

1+1

Yes

4+4

Ste, Noon

3.82

√ 254.

1+4

Yes

4+4

Ste, Noon

3.83

√ 255.

1+4

Ste, Noon

Some examples have small obverse letters. See photos

3.85

√ 256.

1+4

1+1

Zeno

3.84

√ 255c.

VII

1+4

Muddled

Tody

3.86

257.

B.L

1+4

Ref: Kaslove. DOUB.LE

3.86A

√ 257c.

III

Yes

3.86C

√ 257d.

VII

Muddled

Obverse Varieties

Centre Circle	There may or may not be a plain circle surrounding the Persian legend.
Stops in Legend	The stops in the English legend may be composed of single dots (1), or a quartet of dots (4) arranged roughly in the shape of a diamond. (E.g. 1+1 means single after DOUBLE and single after FANAM, 1+4 means single after DOUBLE and quartet after FANAM). Alternatively, there may be no stops at all (0).
F & A's of FANAM	The second bar of F of FANAM is missing. A's of FANAM are upside-down V's.
Second bar of F	The second bar of the F is missing
N & M of FANAM	N retrograde and M upside-down

	A	B	C	D	E	E1	F	G	H	I	J
Centre Circle	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Stops in Legend	1+1	1+4	1+4	1+4	0+0	4+4	0+1	1+1	1+4	B.L	0+0
F & A's of FANAM	OK	OK	Incorrect		OK		OK	OK	OK	OK	OK
Second bar of F	OK	OK		Missing	OK		OK	OK	OK	OK	OK
N & M of FANAM	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK	Incorrect	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK

Reverse Varieties

Centre Circle	The Telugu legend may or may not be surrounded by a plain circle.
Legend U/S Down	The Telugu legend may or may not be upside-down relative to the Tamil legend.
Stops in Legend	The stops in the Tamil legend may be composed of single dots (1), or a quartet of dots (4) arranged roughly in the shape of a diamond. Alternatively there may be no stops at all (0).

	I	II	III	IV	IVa	V	Va	VI	VII	VIII
Centre Circle	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Legend U/S Down	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Muddled	No
Stops in Legend	4+4	4+4	0+0	1+1	4+1	1+4	4+1	1+1	0+0	4+1

Madras Mint – Reformation – Silver, Fanam 1807 to 1808

(Tamil = panam, Telugu = ruka = fanam)

A five- or six-pointed star with or without a plain circle around. Crossed branches below. The value in English above.

FANAM

All within a plain border.

A five- or six-pointed star or five- or six-petal flower within a plain circle. This is surrounded by the value in Tamil and Telugu. All within a plain rim.

Official Weight (g)	0.92
Actual Weight (g)	0.73-0.95
Actual Diameter (mm)	9.5-10.6
Composition	Silver
Edge	Plain
Axis	Not Fixed
Mintage	386,352

Catalogue

Cat No.

Photo Link

Obv

Rev

Obverse

Reverse

Provenance

Comments

Rarity

Circle

Branches

Star

Spelling

Circle

Stops

Device

3.87

√ 258.

Yes

5 pts

Yes

1+1

Star

3.87C

√ 258c.

III

Yes

5 pts

Yes

4+4

Star

Noon, HC

3.88

√ 259.

III

Yes

6 pts Square ends

Yes

4+4

Star

Vinitkumar Pujara, HC

3.88C

√ 260c.

Yes

6 pts Square ends

4+1

Star

3.89

√ 260.

Yes

5 pts

Yes

1+1

Star

Ste, HC, Tody, Noon

The stars on the reverse come in different shapes. See photos.

3.90

√ 261.

Yes

5 pts

Yes

1+1

Flower

Ste, HC

The flowers on the reverse come in different shapes. See photos.

3.91

√ 261c.

III

Yes

5 pts

Yes

4+4

Star

Bald

3.92

√ 261e.

Yes

5 pts

4+1

Star

Ste, HC

3.93

√ 262.

III

6 pts

Yes

4+4

Star

Ste, RJ

3.94

√ 262c.

6 pts

Yes

4+4

Star 6 pts

Murali Thantry, SA

3.95

√ 263.

Yes

5 pts

bANAM

Yes

1+1

Star

Ste, Tody

Very low silver content on one example (by XRF) see photos. May be contemporary counterfeit.

3.96

√ 264.

Yes

Absent

Yes

4+4

Flower

Ste

Ref: Wiggins

3.97

√ 264c.

Yes

5 pts

EANAW

Yes

1+1

Star

3.97C

√ 264d.

Yes

5 pts

bANAM (retro N)

Yes

1+1

Star

Thanks to Hemanth Chopra who noticed the retro N

3.97E

√ 264e.

Yes with stops

5 pts

Yes

1+1

Star

HC, RJ

Obverse stops 1+1 linked to branches

Obverse Varieties

Centre Circle	There may or may not be a plain circle surrounding the star.
Branches	There may or may not be crossed branches below the star. Some have berries on the end, although there is some debate about whether these are berries or stops in the legend.
Star	The central star may have 5 or 6 points or may be absent. The shape of the star varies
Spelling of FANAM	FANAM may be mis-spelt.

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	J
Centre Circle	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Branches	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes with stops
Star	5 Points	6 Points with square ends.	5 Points	6 Points	5 points	Absent	5 points	5 points	5 Points
Spelling of FANAM	OK	OK	OK	OK	bANAM	OK	EANAW	bANAM (retroN)	OK

Reverse Varieties

Centre Circle	There may or may not be a circle around the star.
Stops in Legend	The stops in the legend may be composed of single dots (1), two quartets of dots (4) each arranged roughly in the shape of a diamond, or a quartet plus a single dot.
Central Device	There is a 5- or 6-point star or 5 or 6 petal flower in the centre of the reverse design. The shapes of the star and flower vary. Sometimes the centre device is intermediate between star and flower, but if the rays/petals do not touch at the centre, the device is considered to be a flower.

	I	II	III	IV	V	VI
Centre Circle	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Stops in Legend	1+1	1+1	4+4	4+4	4+4	4+1
Central Device	Star, 5 points	Flower, 5 petals	Star, 5 points	Flower, 6 petals	Star, 6 points	Star, 5 points

Madras Mint – Reformation – Silver, Half Pagoda 1808 to 1812

Several coins have been observed with obverses F and Q with an identical reverse X die. This obviously provides a die-link between obverses F and Q (information from H. Kaslove). Other die links exist such as obverses G and O with an identical reverse IV die, and obverses E, M1 and O with a reverse VI die. If enough examples are collected, there may be an opportunity in the future to undertake a more serious study of die-linking. Hopefully, this catalogue is providing a starting point.

Also there is an example of this type (1808-1812) being overstruck on the first type (1807-1808) (ref: Kaslove). See photo

Madras 89 1808 Half Pagoda E VIII Obv

(Persian = nim hun phuli = half a flower, or star, pagoda)

Madras 90 1808 Half Pagoda E VII IRev

(Tamil = Arai pu vara kun. Telugu = Ara pu varahani = half a flower, or star, pagoda)

Nine tiered Gopuram of a temple, standing on stony ground. Nine stars on each side. All this surrounded by a buckled garter. On the garter is the value in English:

HALF PAGODA

and Persian. All within a beaded border.

Figure of Vishnu holding a sword in his left hand. Dotted and other symbols on each side and a lotus flower below. All surrounded by three circles of beads. All this within a ribbon, the ends of which are separated by a star. On the ribbon is the value in Tamil and Telugu. All within a beaded border.

Official Weight (g)	21.17
Actual Weight (g)	20.81-21.43
Actual Diameter (mm)	34.9-38.3
Composition	Silver
Edge	Grained Right
Axis	↑↑
Mintage	1,999,601

Catalogue

Cat No.

Photo Link

Obv

Rev

Obverse

Reverse

Prov’nce

Comments

Rarity

Stars

Stops

Gopuram

Buckle

Shading

Spelling

Circles

Crosses

Stop

Beads

Below

Telugu

Letter

Tails

Sword

3.98A

√ 265e.

9+9

End

O/D

Oval

14/12

Yes

Oswal

3.98

√ 265c.

VIII

9+9

End

O/D

Oval

16/14

Yes

Noon

3.99

√ 265.

9+9

End

O/D

Oval

16/14

Yes

Ste, Both reverse crosses re-engraved

3.101

√ 265g.

XII

9+9

End

O/D

Oval

16/14

Ste, Coins Art

3.100

√ 266.

XIII

9+9

End

O/D

Oval

14/16

Yes

Ste, Noon

3.102

267a.

9+9

End

G/O

Oval

14/12

Yes

Ref: Kaslove

3.104

√ 268a.

VII

9+9

End

G/O

Oval

16/14

Yes

3.105

√ 269.

VIII

9+9

End

G/O

Oval

16/14

Yes

Bald, Noon

Ref: BM.

3.105C

√ 269c

XII

9+9

End

G/O

Oval

16/14

DNW

3.106

√ 270.

VII

9+9

End

G/O

Square

Yes

16/14

Yes

Ste

3.106C

√ 270c.

9+9

End

Oval

14/12

Yes

eBay

3.106E

√ 270e.

9+9

End

Oval

16/14

Yes

2 above

3.107

√ 271.

VII

9+9

End

Oval

16/14

Yes

Ste

Ref: Wiggins

3.108

√ 272.

VIII

9+9

End

Oval

16/14

Yes

Ste, HC, Sov, Noon

3.109

√ 272b.

VIII

9+9

End

Oval

16/14

Yes

Her, Goldberg

O over D. See photos. Ref: ANS 1917.216.4756

3.110

√ 272b3.

9+9

End

Oval

16/14

Yes

Right reverse re-engraved

3.114

√ 274.

9+9

End

Oval

16/14

Upside-down

Stacks, Noon

See photos for dots on obv.

3.113

√ 273.

9+9

End

Oval

16/14

Her

Ref: Sotheby (1985) Brand, lot 142.

3.111

√ 272c.

XII

9+9

End

Oval

16/14

Ste, Her

3.114C

√ 274b.

XIIa

9+9

End

Oval

16/14

None

SA, Bald

No Sword. Looks like 3 beads below Vishnu but the lowest is part of the inner circle.

RRR

3.115

√ 274c.

9+9

End

Oval

Yes

14/12

Yes

3.115A

√ 274a.

III

9+9

End

Oval

Yes

14/14

Yes

Her

3.116

√ 275.

9+9

End

Oval

Yes

11/13

Yes

Ste

No bead above Vishnu

3.117

√ 275c.

VII

9+9

End

Oval

Yes

16/14

Yes

Ste

3.118

√ 275e.

III

9+9

End

Oval

14/14

Yes

3.119

√ 276.

9+9

End

Oval

16/14

Ste, Her

3.120

277.

VIII

9+9

End

Oval

16/14

Yes

Ref: BM

3.121

√ 277c.

9+9

End

Oval

16/14

Bald, Noon, SA

3.122

√ 277d.

9+9

C+E

G/O

Oval

14/12

Yes

HC. Marudhar

Trace of a second sword in right hand on one

3.123

277e.

9+9

C+E

G/O

Oval

16/14

Yes

2 above

Ref: Kaslove

3.123A

√ 277g.

VII

9+9

C+E

G/O

Oval

16/14

Yes

Her

3.124

√ 278.

VIII

9+9

C+E

G/O

Oval

16/14

Yes

Ste, Noon

3.125

279.

XII

9+9

C+E

G/O

Oval

16/14

Ref: Withers

3.126

√ 280.

9+9

C+E

G/O

Oval

Yes

14/12

Yes

eBay, Noon

3.126C

√ 280c.

VIII

9+9

C+E

G/O

Oval

Yes

16/14

Yes

Noon

3.127

√ 281.

9+9

C+E

Oval

14/12

Yes

Ste

3.127C

√ 281b.

IIIa

9+9

C+E

Oval

13/11

Yes

3.128

√ 281c.

9+9

C+E

Oval

15/12

Yes

Ste

3.129

√ 282.

VII

9+9

C+E

Oval

16/14

Yes

Ste

3.130

√ 283.

VIII

9+9

C+E

Oval

16/14

Yes

Ste

Kaslove has one without a centre stop (on rev?)

3.131

√ 284.

9+9

C+E

Oval

16/14

Ste

3.131C

√ 284b.

9+9

C+E

Oval

Yes

14/12

Yes

3.132

√ 284b3.

9+9

C+E

Oval

14/12

Yes

Her

3.133

284c.

9+9

C+E

Oval

11/13

Yes

Reverse certainly has 13/11 beads but not certain it is IV Ref: Kaslove

3.134

√ 285.

VII

9+9

C+E

Oval

16/14

Yes

Ste, Oswal

3.135

√ 286.

VIII

9+9

C+E

Oval

16/14

Yes

Ste, RJ

3.136

√ 287.

XII

9+9

C+E

Oval

16/14

Ste

3.136C

√ 287c.

XIIc

9+9

C+E

Oval

16/15

Yes

3.136D

√ 287d.

9+9

C+E

Oval

Yes

14/12

Yes

Noon, Her

3.136E

√ 287e.

9+9

C+E

Oval

Yes

16/14

Yes

2 above

Shading in left side of buckle

3.136G

√ 287g.

VIII

9+9

C+E

Oval

16/14

Yes

3.137

√ 288.

9+9

L&F+E

Oval

14/12

Yes

Bald

3.138

√ 288c.

9+9

None

Oval

11/13

Yes

No bead above Vishnu

3.139

√ 289.

9+9

None

Oval

16/14

Yes

2 above

Ste, Noon

3.139C

√ 289b.

VIII

9+9

None

Oval

16/14

Yes

3.140

√ 289c.

9+9

None

Oval

16/14

3.141

289a.

9+9

None

Oval

16/14

Yes

2 above

Ref: Kaslove

3.142

√ 290.

9+9

None

Oval

16/14

Yes

Ste

3.143

291.

VIII

9+9

None

Oval

16/14

Yes

Ref: Kaslove

3.143C

√ 291e.

IIa

9+9

None

Oval

16/14

Yes

Her

Left cross re-engraved

3.143E

√ 291g.

IIIa

9+9

None

Oval

13/11

Yes

Ponterio

3.144

√ 292.

9+9

None

G/O

Oval

16/14

Upside-down

Ste, RJ, Noon

3.145

√ 293.

VIII

9+9

None

Oval

PGODA

16/14

Yes

Ste, HC, Tody

RRR

3.146

√ 294.

22+24

C+E

Square

14/11

Yes

Noble, SNC, Noon. Anantha Raghuraman

5 circles of beads. SNC, Sep., 1976. Also BM.

RRR

Rarity of the minor varieties is unknown. Some may be very rare.

Obverse Varieties

Number of stars	There are usually 9 stars on each side of the gopuram. A rare variety has 22+24 stars.
Stops in Legend	The English legend may contain no stops, an end stop alone, or a centre stop between the two words plus an end stop (C+E). In one example the centre stop is between the L & F of HALF (L&F+E).
Gopuram	The centre line of the gopuram may point directly at the letter G, between the letters G and O, directly at the letter O, or between the letters O and D. This can best be ascertained by holding a ruler up the central spine of the gopuram. If the ruler touches a letter or the edge of a letter, then the gopuram is considered to point to that letter.
Buckle Shape	The buckle may be oval or square. Some square buckles have rounded corners
Shading in buckle	The shading may or may not extend into the buckle.
Spelling of PAGODA	PAGODA spelt PGODA

	A	C	D	E	G	H	I
Number of stars	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9
Stops in Legend	End	End	End	End	End	End	End
Gopuram	O/D	G/O	G/O	O	O	G	D
Buckle Shape	Oval	Oval	Square	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval
Shading in buckle	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Spelling of PAGODA	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK

	J	K	L	L1	M	M1	M2
Number of stars	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9
Stops in Legend	C+E	C+E	C+E	C+E	C+E	C+E	C+E
Gopuram	G/O	G/O	G	G	O	O	OD
Buckle Shape	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval
Shading in buckle	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Spelling of PAGODA	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK

	N	O	P	Q	R	S
Number of stars	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	22+24
Stops in Legend	L&F+E	None	None	None	None	C+E
Gopuram	O	O	G	G/O	D	D
Buckle Shape	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Square
Shading in buckle	No	No	No	No	No	No
Spelling of PAGODA	OK	OK	OK	OK	PGODA	OK

Because it is often difficult to determine the size of the obverse letters, this parameter has been eliminated and obverses A/b and E/F combined

Reverse Varieties

Circles of Beads	There are usually three circles of beads. On rare varieties there may be 5 circles.
Top Left Cross	To the left of Vishnu is an arrangement of dots topped by a cross shape, representing one of his wives. The number of dots that form this figure varies.
Top Right Cross	To the right of Vishnu is an arrangement of dots topped by a cross shape, representing one of his wives. The number of dots that form this figure varies.
Stop in Legend	There may or may not be a stop between the Tamil and Telugu legends.
Beads below Vishnu	There are varying numbers of beads below Vishnu. These beads are usually within the stalk, but sometimes they may be above the stalk. Beads from the inner circle often extend into the stalk. Only those beads that are definitely not part of the circles of beads count as beads below Vishnu.
Rotation of first letter of Telugu Legend	The first letter of the Telugu legend may be upside-down.
Tails to Top Cross	The crosses next to Vishnu usually have two tails, but sometimes the left, right or both tails may be re-engraved
Sword	Vishnu usually has his sword in the left Hand (LH) but very rarely there is no sword.

	I	II	IIa	III	IIIa	IV	V	VI	VII
Circles of Beads	5	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3
Top Left Cross	14	14	14	14	13	11	15	16	16
Top Right Cross	11	12	12	14	11	13	12	14	14
Stop in Legend	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Beads below Vishnu	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	2 above stalk	0
Rotation of first letter of Telugu Legend	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK
Tails to Top Cross	Two	Two	Four	Two	Two	Two	Two	Two	Two
Sword	LH	LH	LH	LH	LH	LH	LH	LH	LH

	VIII	IX	X	XI	XII	XIIa	XIIc	XIII
Circles of Beads	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3
Top Left Cross	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	14
Top Right Cross	14	14	14	14	14	14	15	16
Stop in Legend	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Beads below Vishnu	2	2	0	1	2	2	1	2
Rotation of first letter of Telugu Legend	OK	OK	Upside-down	OK	OK	OK	OK	OK
Tails to Top Cross	Two	Four	Two	Two	Two	Two	Two	Two
Sword	LH	LH	LH	LH	LH	None	LH	LH

Shape, circle

Description automatically generated

Photo from Noonans, 8^th Feb ’23 (Puddester), lot 108. Described as Mint Specimen set (3.98, 3.200.3.235, 3.254, 3.271)

Madras Mint – Reformation – Silver, Quarter Pagoda 1808 to 1812

(Persian = Pau hun phuli = quarter of a flower, or star, pagoda)

(Tamil = Kal vara kun, Telugu = Kal varahani = quarter of a pagoda)

Seven tiered Gopuram of a temple, standing on stony ground. Between seven and nine stars on each side. All this surrounded by a buckled garter. On the garter is the value in English:

QUARTER PAGODA

and Persian. All within a beaded border.

Figure of Vishnu usually holding a sword in his left hand. Dotted and other symbols on each side and a lotus flower below. All surrounded by two circles of beads. All this within a ribbon, the ends separated by a star. On the ribbon is the value in Tamil and Telugu. All within a beaded border.

Official Weight (g)	10.58
Actual Weight (g)	10.26-10.71
Actual Diameter (mm)	25.6-28.3
Composition	Silver
Edge	Grained Right
Mintage	7,091,587
Axis	↑↑

Catalogue

Cat No.

Photo Link

Obv

Rev

Obverse

Reverse

Proven’

Comments

Rarity

Buckle

Stars

Stops

Shading

Tongue

QUARTER/ PAGODA

Gopuram

Beads in Cross

Bead Below

Sword

Stop

Bead Above

Tamil

3.157

√ 341.

(V)

Square

7+7

End

13/11

Bald

7 Stars. Ref: Kaslove. Kaslove believes his specimen to be reverse V but the one from the Baldwin’s sale is reverse I. There may be more than one reverse for this variety

RRR

3.158

√ 295.

Square

8+8

None

G,O

13/11

Ste, Noble, RJ

8 Stars

3.161

√ 296c.

Square

9+9

End

13/11

3.162

√ 296e.

Square

9+9

End

13/11

None

3.159

√ 296.

III

Square

9+9

End

A, AG

13/11

Ste, Noon

3.160

√ 296a.

Square

9+9

End

13/11

Ref: Kaslove

3.163

√ 296g.

VII

Square

9+9

End

13/11

None

Tody

3.163A

√ 296i.

VIII

Square

9+9

End

13/11

RJ, Noon

3.164

297.

XVI

Square

9+9

End

11/9

Ref: seen at Baldwin’s

3.164C

√ 297c.

VIII

Square

9+9

None

13/11

No crossbars on As

3.165

√ 298.

XVI

Oval

9+8

None

Yes

11/9

Ste

9+8 Stars.

3.165C

√ 298c.

Oval

9+8

C+E

(PA.G)

Yes

14/11

9+8 stars.

3.166

√ 299.

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

13/11

Ste, RJ

3.167

√ 300.

VIII

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

G, GO

13/11

Ste, Noon

3.167A

√ 299c.

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

12/11

Ste, RJ

3.167C

√ 300c.

IIIa

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

9/11

Noble

3.168

√ 301.

XIV

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

11/9

Ste

3.169

√ 302.

XVI

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

PA, A, AG, G

11/9

Ste, Bombay, Noon

Can occur with large As and O particularly noticeable in PAGODA (Ref: Thompson)

3.170

√ 303.

XVII

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

L:9/11

R:8/9

Ste

Reverse crosses of dots incorporated into circles of beads

3.171

√ 304.

XIX

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

G, GO

11/9

Ste, Marudhar

At least 3 different reverse dies. See photos

3.171C

√ 304b.

VIII

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

13/11

Marudhar

3.172

√ 304c.

XVI

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

A, AG

11/9

3.173

√ 305.

XVIII

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

11/9

Ste

3.173C

√ 305b.

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

11/9

None

Noon

3.176

√ 306.

VIII

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

PA, A

13/11

Ste, RJ

3.177

√ 307.

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

12/11

Ste, RJ

3.177C

√ 307c.

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

13/10

Noon

3.177D

√ 307e.

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

13/10

Noon

3.178

√ 308.

XVI

Oval

9+9

None

Yes

PA, GO

11/9

Ste, RJ

3.179

308a.

XVI

Oval

9+9

None

11/9

Ref: Kaslove

3.180C

√ 309c.

XIV

Oval

9+9

Centre

Yes

11/9

3.181

√ 310.

XVI

Oval

9+9

Centre

Yes

11/9

Ste

3.181C

√ 310c.

XVI

Oval

9+9

Centre

Yes

11/9

Bald

3.182

√ 311.

Oval

9+9

Centre

Yes

13/11

Ste

3.182C

√ 312.

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

13/11

Ste

3.183

√ 313.

VIII

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

13/11

Ste

3.184

√ 314.

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

13/11

Ste

3.185

√ 315.

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

11/10

Ste, Tody

3.186

√ 316.

XII

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

11/11

Ste

Centre stop might be present.

3.187

√ 317.

XIV

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

A, AG

11/9

Ste, Stacks

3.188

√ 317c.

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

11/9

Missing

3.188C

√ 317d.

XVI

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

A, AG

11/9

DNW, Noon

3.188E

√ 317g.

XVIIIa

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

11/9

Yes

Spink

3.189

√ 317e.

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

Two

13/11

3.189C

√ 317f.

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

Two

13/10

eBay

3.189E

√ 317i.

XVI

Oval

9+9

End

Two

11/9

Marudhar

3.190

√ 318.

XVI

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

11/9

Ste, Tody, RJ

3.190C

√ 318c.

XIX

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

11/9

Ashrith Setty

3.192

√ 319c.

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

A, G

13/11

Ste, Bombay, Noon, RJ

3.193

√ 320.

VIII

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

13/11

Ste

3.193A

√ 320a.

VIII

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

13/11

Noon

3.193C

√ 320b

XIV

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

11/9

DNW, Noon

3.194

√ 320c.

XVI

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

11/9

Tody

3.195

√ 321.

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

13/11

Ste

3.196

√ 322.

VIII

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

13/11

Ste

3.197

√ 322c.

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

11/10

3.198

√ 323.

XIII

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

9/11

Ste

3.199

√ 324.

XIV

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

A, G

11/9

Ste, HC, Noon

3.200

√ 325.

XVI

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

A, AG, G, GO

11/9

Ste, RJ, Noon

3.201

√ 326.

XVIII

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

11/9

Ste

3.201A

√ 326c.

XIX

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

11/9

3.202

√ 327.

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

A, G

11/9

None

Ste, SA

3.203

328.

XIV

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

11/9

Ref: Thompson

3.204

√ 329.

XVI

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

A, AG, G

11/9

Ste, Sov

3.205

330.

Oval

9+9

C+E

13/11

Ref: Wiggins

3.206

√ 331.

XIII

Oval

9+9

C+E

9/11

Ste

3.207

332.

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

13/11

Ref: Wiggins

3.208

√ 333.

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

P, A

13/11

Ste, RJ, Noon

Beads in left cross sometimes re-engraved. One seen with a plain edge

3.210

√ 334.

VIII

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

13/11

Ste

3.210C

√ 334c.

XIIIa

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

12/9

3.211

336.

XIV

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

11/9

Ref: Wiggins

3.212

√ 337.

XVI

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

11/9

Exists with first R over O. See photos

3.213

√ 338.

XIX

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

11/9

Ste

3.214

√ 339.

XVI

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

PAPAGODA

11/9

Ste, Tody

RRR

3.215

√ 339c.

XVI

Oval

9+9

End

Yes

PAGOD

11/9

Vikram Coins, RJ

RRR

3.216

√ 340.

XVI

Oval

9+9

C+E

Yes

QUARTE

11/9

Noon, HC

See photos for one with a centre stop on the E

RRR

3.216C

√ 340e.

Square

10+10

None

13/11

Yes

M&E

RRR

3.216

√ 340c.

XVI

Square

10+10

None

11/9

DNW

RRR

Rarity of the minor varieties is unknown. Some may be very rare

Obverse Varieties

The letter the gopuram points to varies, as on the half pagoda. The letter can be determined by holding a ruler up the central spine of the gopuram. If the ruler touches a letter, including the serif or edge of the letter, then the gopuram is considered to point to that letter. The letters are shown in the listings above, but this is far from complete.

Buckle Shape	The buckle may be square or oval.
Number of stars	The number of stars on each side of the gopuram can vary.
Stops in Legend	The English legend may contain no stops, a centre stop alone, an end stop alone, or a centre stop plus an end stop (C+E).
Shading in buckle	The shading may or may not extend into the buckle.
Cross tongue	The buckle may or may not have a cross-tongue.
Spelling of QUARTER	QUARTER may be mis-spelt QUARTE
Spelling of PAGODA	PAGODA may be mis-spelt PAPAGODA or PAGOD.

	A	B	C	C1	D	D1	E	F	G
Buckle Shape	Square	Square	Square	Square	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval
Number of stars	7+7	8+8	9+9	9+9	9+8	9+8	9+9	9+9	9+9
Stops in Legend	End	None	End	None	None	C+E (PA.G)	None	None	None
Shading in buckle	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Cross tongue	-	-	-	-	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Spelling of QUARTER	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct
Spelling of PAGODA	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct

	H	J	J1	K	L	M1	M	N
Buckle Shape	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval
Number of stars	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9
Stops in Legend	None	Centre	Centre	Centre	End	End	End	End
Shading in buckle	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Cross tongue	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Two	Two	No
Spelling of QUARTER	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct
Spelling of PAGODA	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct

	O	P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W
Buckle Shape	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Oval	Square
Number of stars	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	9+9	10+10
Stops in Legend	End	C+E	C+E	C+E	C+E	C+E	End	C+E	None
Shading in buckle	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
Cross tongue	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
Spelling of QUARTER	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	QUARTE	Correct
Spelling of PAGODA	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	PAPAGODA	PAGOD.	Correct	Correct

Reverse Varieties

Top Left Cross	To the left of Vishnu is an arrangement of dots topped by a cross shape, representing one of his wives. The number of dots that form this figure varies. Very rarely, one of the beads may be incorporated into the inner circle of beads. The number of beads in the cross is then expressed as, e.g. 9/11.
Top Right Cross	To the right of Vishnu is an arrangement of dots topped by a cross shape, representing one of his wives. The number of dots that form this figure varies. Very rarely, two of the beads may be incorporated into the inner circle of beads. The number of beads in the cross is then expressed as, e.g. 8/9.
Bead below Vishnu	There may be zero, one or two beads below Vishnu's feet within the stalk of the lotus flower. These beads are separate from those that form part of the circles of beads.
Vishnu's Sword	The facing figure of Vishnu usually holds a sword in his left hand, but rarer examples exist with the sword in his right hand, or no sword at all.
Stop in Legend	There may or may not be a stop between the Tamil and Telugu legends.
Bead above Vishnu	There is sometimes a single bead above Vishnu's head. This bead is sometimes incorporated into the inner ring of beads. If it is clearly distinct, it is considered to have a bead above, but if there is doubt, then NO bead is considered to be present
Tamil	The third letter from the bottom of the Tamil legend at left may be missing.

III

IIIa

VII

VIII

Top Left Cross

Top Right Cross

Bead below Vishnu

Vishnu's Sword

Left Hand

None

Left Hand

None

Left Hand

Stop in Legend

Yes

Bead above Vishnu

Yes

Tamil

XII

XIII

XIIIa

XIV

XVI

XVII

XVIII

XVIIIa

XIX

Top Left Cross

9/11

Top Right Cross

8/9

Bead below Vishnu

Vishnu's Sword

Left Hand

Right Hand

None

Stop in Legend

Yes

Bead above Vishnu

Yes

Tamil

Missing

Madras Mint – Reformation – Silver, Five Fanams 1808 to 1812

(Persian = Panj Falam = Five fanams)

(Tamil = Anacu panam, Telugu = Aedu rukalu = Five fanams)

The value in Persian within a buckled garter. On the garter is the value in English:

FIVE FANAMS

All within a beaded border.

The value in Telugu in two lines surrounded by a ribbon, the ends of which are separated by a star. On the ribbon is the value in Tamil. All within a beaded border.

Official Weight (g)	4.65
Actual Weight (g)	3.92-4.74
Actual Diameter (mm)	20.5-22.7
Composition	Silver
Edge	Grained Right
Axis	↑↑
Mintage	3,953,694

Catalogue

Cat No.

Photo Link

Obv

Rev

Obverse

Reverse

Provenance

Comments

Rarity

Buckle

Stops

Shading

Tongue

Tamil

Star

3.217

√ 342.

Large Sq

None

Inward

Ste, HC, Noonan

3.218

√ 342c.

Short Sq

None

Yes

Outward

3.218C

√ 342e.

Short Sq

None

Outward

3.219

343.

Short Sq

Centre

Inward

SNC. April 1980, p.147, No. 3030. No photo.

3.220

√ 355.

Short Sq

Centre

Yes

Inward

Ste, HC, Noon

Many have the serifs on E touching making the word look like FIVB

3.221

√ 355c.

Long Sq

Centre

Inward

HC, Noon

3.221C

√ 355f.

Long Sq

Centre

Inward. Na inverted

3.222

355e.

Long Sq

None

Inward

3.223

√ 355g.

Long Sq

None

Outward

3.224

√ 344.

Square

None

Inward

3.225

√ 344c.

Square

None

Yes

Inward

3.225C

√ 344e.

Square

Centre

Yes

Inward

HC, RJ

3.225E

√ 344g.

Square

Centre

Yes

Inward Na inverted

3.226

√ 345.

Oval

None

Yes

Inward

Ste, HC

3.227

√ 346.

Oval

None

Yes

Inward

Ste

Axis: ↑↓

3.228

√ 346c.

Oval

None

Yes

Outward

3.229

√ 347.

Oval

None

Yes

Inward

Ste, Noon

3.230

√ 348.

Oval

None

Yes

Inward

Ste

Edge grained left.

3.231

√ 349.

Oval

None

Yes

Inward

Ste, Noon

3.233

√ 351.

Dots

None

Yes

Outward

RJ, Noon

3.234

√ 352.

Oval

Centre

Yes

Inward

Ste, Noon, HC

3.235

√ 353.

Oval

Centre

Yes

Inward

Ste, RJ, DNW, Noon

Some examples have shading on the left side of a disjointed buckle. See photos.

3.236

√ 354.

Oval

Centre

Yes

Inward

Ste, Noon

3.237

√ 356.

Dots

Centre

Inward

Ste, HC, Noble

Proof-like specimen in BM. Some have the serifs touching on the E making the word look like FIVB. These were previously listed as 3.240, Q/I.

3.238

√ 357.

Dots

Centre

Outward

Ste, HC, RJ, Noon

3.239

√ 356c.

III

Dots

Centre

Inward

Absent

RRR

3.241

√ 358.

Oval

C+E

Yes

Inward

3.241C

√ 358c.

Oval

C+E

Yes

Inward

Craig

Obverse Varieties

Buckle Shape	The buckle may be square (large, short or long), oval, or formed with dots. Some oval buckles may appear square but can be differentiated by the rounded corners and the shape of the tongue.
Stops in legend	The English legend may contain no stops, a centre stop alone or a centre stop plus an end stop (C+E).
Shading in buckle	The shading may or may not extend into the buckle.
Cross tongue	The buckle may or may not have a cross-tongue.

	A	B	B1	C	D	E	F	G	H	H1	I
Buckle Shape	Large Square	Short Square	Short Square	Short Square	Short Square	Long Square	Long Square	Square	Square	Square	Oval
Stops in legend	None	None	None	Centre	Centre	Centre	None	None	None	Centre	None
Shading in buckle	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Cross tongue	-	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes

	J	K	L	M	N	O	P	R	S
Buckle Shape	Oval	Oval	Dots	Oval	Oval	Oval	Dots	Oval	Oval
Stops in legend	None	None	None	Centre	Centre	Centre	Centre	C+E	C+E
Shading in buckle	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
Cross tongue	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes

Reverse Varieties

Tamil Legend	The top of the Tamil legend may face inward or outward. The second letter from the right Na may be inverted.
Star	The star between the ends of the ribbon may be present or absent.

	I	II	III	IV
Tamil Legend	Inward	Outward	Inward	Inward. Na inverted
Star	Present	Present	Absent	Present

Madras Mint – Reformation – Silver, Two Fanams 1808 to 1812

(Persian = Do falam = Double fanam)

(Telugu = Renddu rukalu, Tamil = Irantu panam = Two fanams)

The value in Persian within a buckled garter. On the garter is the value in English:

DOUBLE FANAM

All within a beaded border.

The value in Telugu in two lines surrounded by a ribbon, the ends of which are separated by a star. On the ribbon is the value in Tamil. All within a beaded border.

Official Weight (g)	1.85
Actual Weight (g)	1.70-1.92
Actual Diameter (mm)	14.1-15.9
Composition	Silver
Edge	Grained Right
Axis	↑↑
Mintage	6,044,350

Catalogue

Cat No.

Photo Link

Obv

Rev

Obverse

Reverse

Provenance

Comments

Rarity

Buckle

Legend

Marks

Stop

Shading

Tamil

3.242

√ 359.

Short Square

Outward

Ste, HC, RJ, Noon

Kaslove has one with no diacritical marks. Also occurs with the axis ↑↓. Also one that appears to have B over last E of DOUBLE. Also, with and without tongue in buckle. See Photos.

3.243

√ 360.

Short Square

Yes

Outward

Ste

Ref: Thompson.

3.244

√ 361.

Short Square

U+M

Outward

Ste

3.246

√ 363.

Short Square

DOBLE

Outward

Ste, Noon

DOBLE

3.247

√ 364.

Square

FANM

Outward

Ste

FANM

3.248

√365.

Square

DOBBLE

Outward

Ste, RJ

U over first B in DOBBLE

3.249

√ 366.

Square

U+M

Outward

RJ, Noon

3.250

√ 367.

Short Oval

U+M

Inward

Ste, Noon

3.251

√ 368.

Short Oval

U+M

Yes

Inward

3.252

√ 369.

Short Oval

Inward

Ste, RJ

3.253

√ 370.

Short Oval

Yes

Inward

Ste

3.254

√ 371.

Short Oval

Inward

Ste, Noon

3.256

√ 373.

Long Oval

U+M

Inward

Ste, Noon

See photos for a specimen with a more oval-shaped buckle

3.257

√ 374.

Long Oval

Inward

Ste

3.258

√ 374c.

Long Oval

Outward

3.259

√ 375.

Long Oval

Inward

Ste, RJ, Noon

3.260

√ 376.

Long Oval

U+M+L

Inward

Ste

3.261

√ 377.

Long Oval

M+L

Yes

Inward

Ste, HC

3.262

√ 378.

Long Oval

FANAW

Inward

HC, Noon

3.262C

√ 378b.

Rounded Oval

SANAM

U+M

Yes

Inward

Noon, RJ

3.263

√ 378c.

Dots

U+M

Inward

3.264

√ 379.

Dots

U+M

Outward

Ste

3.265

√ 380.

Dots

Yes

Outward

3.265C

√ 380c.

Dots

FANAMƧ

U+M

Inward

Retrograde S obscured. O over U in DOUBLE

3.266

√ 381.

Dots

FANAMƧ

U+M

Outward

RJ, Ste

Retrograde S. O Over U in DOUBLE

3.267

√ 381c.

None

Inward

3.267A

√ 382.

None

Outward

Obverse Varieties

Buckle Shape	The buckle may be short square, square, short oval, long oval, rounded oval, formed with dots or there may be no buckle.
Spelling of Legend	The legend may be mis-spelt, e.g. DOUBLE may be spelt DOBLE or DOBBLE, and FANAM spelt FANM, FANAMƧ or FANAW.
Diacritical marks	There should be one diacritical mark in the Persian legend. This mark is above the central legend (upper mark - U). There may be an extra dot within the letters (mid mark - M), or another mark below the letters (lower mark - L) or various combinations. The mid-mark is not a diacritical mark and is probably a remnant from engraving the circles that form the ribbon.
Stop in Legend	There may or may not be a stop in the legend
Shading in Buckle	The shading may or may not extend into the buckle

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
Buckle Shape	Short Square	Short Square	Short Square	Short Square	Short Square	Square	Square	Square
Spelling of Legend	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	DOBLE FANAM	DOUBLE FANM	DOBBLE FANAM	Correct
Diacritical marks	U	U	U+M	Not Clear	U	U	U	U+M
Stop in Legend	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Shading in Buckle	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No

	I	J	K	L	M
Buckle Shape	Short Oval	Short Oval	Short Oval	Short Oval	Short Oval
Spelling of Legend	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct
Diacritical marks	U+M	U+M	M	U	U
Stop in Legend	No	No	No	No	No
Shading in Buckle	No	Yes	No	Yes	No

	O	P	Q	R	S	T
Buckle Shape	Long Oval	Long Oval	Long Oval	Long Oval	Long Oval	Long Oval
Spelling of Legend	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	FANAW
Diacritical marks	U+M	M	U	U+M+L	M+L	U
Stop in Legend	No	No	No	No	No	No
Shading in Buckle	No	No	No	No	No	No

	T1	U	V	W	X
Buckle Shape	Rounded Oval	Dots	Dots	Dots	No Buckle
Spelling of Legend	Correct	Correct	Correct	FANAMƧ (retrograde S)	Correct
Diacritical marks	U+M	U+M	U	U+M	U
Stop in Legend	No	No	Yes	No	No
Shading in Buckle	Yes	No	No	No	-

Reverse Varieties

Tamil legend

The top of the Tamil legend may face inwards or outwards

	I	II
Tamil legend	Inward	Outward

Madras Mint – Reformation – Silver, Fanam 1808 to 1812

(Persian = falam = fanam)

Madras 211 1808 Fanam Obverse A Rev

(Telugu = ruka, Tamil = panam = fanam)

The value in Persian surrounded by a buckled garter. On the garter is the value in English. All within a beaded border.

The value in Telugu in one line surrounded by a ribbon, the ends of which are separated by a star. On the ribbon is the value in Tamil. All within a beaded border

Official Weight (g)	0.88
Actual Weight (g)	0.83-0.96
Actual Diameter (mm)	10.4-12.4
Composition	Silver
Edge	Grained Right
Axis	↑↑
Mintage	1,545,412

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Obv	Obverse			Provenance	Comments	Rarity
Cat No.	Photo Link	Obv	Buckle	Mark	FANAM	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.268	√ 383.	A	Oval	Yes		Ste, HC, SA, Noon		N
3.269	√ 384.	B	Oval	No		Ste, HC, Noon	See photos for one with a longer oval buckle.	S
3.270	√ 384c.	C	Oval	No	Retro N	HC		RRR
3.271	√ 385.	D	Round	No		Ste, HC, Noon, Jay Raiveeson	Occurs with and without a tongue in the buckle. See photos	S
3.271A	√ 385c.	D1	Large Round	No		HC, ClassNG	Specimens exist with and without tongue in buckle. See photos	R
3.272	√ 386c.	E	Square	Yes		Noon		RR
3.272C	√ 386.	E1	Curved Square	Yes		RJ, Noble		RR
3.273	√ 387.	F	Dots	Yes		HC, RJ	Ref: SNC September 1976, p. 319. Also, SNC April 1980, p. 147. Occurs with and without a tongue in the buckle. The number of dots in the buckle varies. See photos.	R
3.273C	√ 387c.	F1	Dots	No		RJ, HC	Occurs with and without a tongue in the buckle. The number of dots in the buckle varies. See photos.	RR
3.274	√ 388.	G	None	Yes		Ste, HC, Noon		R

Obverse Varieties

Buckle Shape	The buckle may be oval, round, square or formed with dots.
Diacritical mark	There may or may not be a diacritical mark.
Letters in FANAM	The letters in FANAM may be correct or there may be a retrograde N

	A	B	C	D	D1	E	E1	F	F1	G
Buckle Shape	Oval	Oval	Oval	Round	Large Round	Square	Curved Square	Dots	Dots	No Buckle
Diacritical mark	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Letters in FANAM	Correct	Correct	retro N	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct	Correct

Madras Mint – Reformation – Copper, Forty Cash 1807


The value in Persian and English. (Persian = In chahal kas ast = This is forty cash).		Value in Tamil and Telugu. (Telugu = Idi nalabhai kasulu, Tamil = Idu naipadu kasu = this is forty Cash).

Official Weight (g)	19.31
Actual Weight (g)	18.03-19.62
Actual Diameter (mm)	35.0-37.7
Composition	Copper
Edge	Plain
Axis	Varies. See below
Mintage (to March 1808)	514,922

Catalogue

Cat No.

Photo Link

Obv

Rev

Obverse

Reverse

Axis

Provenance

Comments

Rarity

Separator

Tamil

Separator

Letters

3.275

√ 389.

Plain

XL.

Correct

2 Dots/Star

↑↑

Ste, SA, Bald

3.275C

√ 389c.

Plain

XL.

Correct

Dots

↑↑

RJ, Noon

3.276

√ 390.

Plain

XL.

Correct

None

↑↑

Ste, Tody, Noon, Anantha Raghuraman

Some examples have a decoration at the bottom of the reverse. See photos.

3.276C

390c.

Plain

XL.

Square

None

↑↑

Ref: BM 12360

3.277

391.

VII

Plain

XL.

Square

None

4 small

↑↑

Ref:BM

3.278

√ 393.

2 Plain

XL.

Correct

2 Dots/Star

↑↑

Ste, Noon

Ref: BM

3.279

394.

2 Plain

XL.

Correct

2 Dots/Star

↑↓

Ref: Withers

3.280

√ 395.

2 Plain

XL.

Correct

None

↑↑

Ste

3.281

396.

2 Plain

XL.

Correct

None

↑↓

Ref: BM

3.282

396c.

III

2 Plain

XL.

Modified

None

↑↑

Ref: Weir

3.283

√ 397.

2 Plain

XL.

Square

None

↑↑

Ste

Ref: BM

3.283C

√ 399.

2 Plain

X.L.

Correct

2 Dots/Star

↑↑

Ref: BM 1935.0401.12361

3.283E

√ 399c.

2 Plain

X.L.

Square

None

4 large

↑↑

Bald

Ref: BM 1935.0401.12363 (axis ↑↑)

3.284

√ 398.

VII

2 Plain

X.L.

Square

None

4 small

↑↑

3.285

√ 400.

III

Dash/3 dots/star

XL.

Modified

None

↑↑

Ste, HC, Bald, Noon

3.286

√ 401b.

Dash/3 dots/star

XL.

Square

None

4 large

↑↑

3.287

401.

VII

Dash/3 dots/star

XL.

Square

None

4 small

↑↑

Ref: BM

3.287C

√ 401e.

III

Dash/4 dots/star

XL.

Modified

None

↑↑

3.288

√ 401c.

Dash/4 dots/star

XL.

Square

None

4 large

↑↓

Ste

Ref: Hemanth Chopra

3.289

√ 402.

Dash/4 dots/star

XL.

Square

None

4 large

↑↑

Ste

3.289C

√ 402c.

III

Dash/5 dots/star

XL.

Modified

None

↑↑

3.289E

√ 402e.

Dash/5 dots/star

XL.

Square

None

4 large

↑↑

Tody

3.290

√ 403.

VII

Dash/5 dots/star

XL.

Square

None

4 small

↑↑

Ste, Bald, RJ, Noon

3.291

√ 403c.

Dash/5 dots/star

X.L

Square

None

4 large

↑↑

Bald

Obverse Varieties

Separator	The line separating the Persian from the English legends differs. It may be a single plain line, two parallel plain lines, or a number of dots and stars.
XL	The numerals XL are usually followed by a stop. On some coins the stop comes after the X or after both X and L

	A	B	B1	C	D	E	F
Separator	Plain	2 Plain	2 Plain	Dash/3 dots/star	Dash/4dots/star	Dash/5 dots/star	Dash/5 dots/star
XL	XL dot	XL dot	X dot L dot	XL dot.	XL dot	XL dot	X dot L

Reverse Varieties

There may or may not be a tiny dot in the centre of the reverse. This is probably an engraving remnant and is not a distinguishing feature.

First Tamil Letter	The first letter in the Tamil legend may take a number of different forms. This might be the correct form, a modified form or a square form.
Middle Tamil Letters	Letters in the middle of the first line of the Tamil legend vary.
Separator	The line separating the Tamil from the Telugu legends differs. It may be two dots and a star, dots alone, or no separator.
Letters on bottom line	Coins with the square form of the first Tamil letter come in three varieties. One with small letters and the usual 4 letters on the bottom line, one with larger (normal) letters and the usual 4 letters in the bottom line, and the last with larger letters and only 3 letters on the bottom line. The letter that normally appears at the start of the bottom line, appears at the end of the previous line in the last variety.

	I	Ia	II	III	IV	V	VII
First Tamil Letter	Correct	Correct	Correct	Modified	Square	Square	Square
Middle Tamil Letters	2 Square	2 Square	2 Square	1 rounded	1 rounded	1 rounded	1 rounded
Separator	2 Dots/Star	Dots	None	None	None	None	None
Letters on bottom line	4	4	4	4	3	4 large	4 small

Madras Mint – Reformation – Copper, Twenty Cash 1807


The value in Persian and English (Persian = In bist kas ast = this is twenty cash). Top photo in three lines. Bottom in two.		Value in Tamil and Telugu. (Telugu = Idi iravai kasulu, Tamil = Idu irubadu kasu = this is twenty cash)

Official Weight (g)	9.65
Actual Weight (g)	7.97-10.25
Actual Diameter (mm)	25.9-27.4
Composition	Copper
Edge	Plain
Axis	Varies. See below
Mintage (to March 1808)	3,016,822

Catalogue

Cat No.

Photo Link

Obv

Rev

Obverse

Reverse

Axis

Provenance

Comments

Rarity

Persian

Separator

Bead

Tamil

Letters

3.292

√ 404.

3 Lines

Plain

Yes

Correct

↑↑

HC, RJ

30mm flan. Usually weakly struck

3.292A

√ 404b.

3 Lines

Plain

Yes

Correct

↑↑

This coin and the following are struck on smaller flans (26-27mm)

3.293

√ 404c.

3 Lines

Plain

Yes

Modified

↑↑

Ste

3.293A

√ 404e.

III

3 Lines

Plain

Yes

Square

Jay Raiveeson

NB 4^th letter in 3^rd line differs from normal. See photo.

3.294

405.

3 Lines

Plain

Yes

Malformed square

Recorded from Pridmore

3.295

√ 405c.

3 Lines

Dash/3 dots/Star

Yes

Correct

↑↑

Bald, Noon

Ref: Baldwin (2009), June Argentum, lot 77

3.296

√ 406.

3 Lines

Dash/3 dots/Star

Yes

Modified

↑↑

Ste, Noon

See photos for slightly different stars in separator

3.296C

√ 406c.

III

3 Lines

Dash/3 dots/Star

Yes

Square

↑↑

3.297

√ 407.

III

3 Lines

Dash/3 dots/Star

Yes

Square

↑↓

Ste

3.297C

√ 407c.

3 Lines

Dash/3 dots/Star

Modified

↑↑

Noon, Bald

3.298

√ 408.

3 Lines

Dash/4 dots/Star

Yes

Modified

↑↑

Ste

See photos for a specimen with an extra tiny dot next to the star and specimens with some or all of the dots in the obverse separator shaped like crescents

3.299

√ 408c.

3 Lines

Dash/4 dots/Star

Yes

Modified

↑↓

3.299C

√ 408e.

III

3 Lines

Dash/4 dots/Star

Yes

Modified

↑↑

3.300

√ 409.

III

3 Lines

Dash/4 dots/Star

Yes

Square

↑↓

Ste, Noble

3.301

√ 410.

3 Lines

Dash/4 dots/Star

Modified

↑↑

3.302

√ 411.

III

3 Lines

Dash/4 dots/Star

Square

↑↑

Ste, Noon

3.304

412.

III

3 Lines

Dash/4 dots/Star

Square

Striking in lead. SNC April 1980. Not sure about authenticity

RRR

3.305

√ 412c.

3 Lines

Dash/4 dots/Star

Square

Missing

↑↓

3.306

√ 413c.

III

3 Lines

Dash/4 cups/Star

Square

↑↑

3.307

√ 413e.

III

3 Lines

Dash3/ cups/Star

Square

↑↑

3.308

√ 415.

III

2 Lines

Dash/4 dots/Star

Yes

Square

↑↑

HC, Noon

Exists as a special strike (Johnston). See photos

3.309

√ 416.

III

2 Lines

Dash/4 dots/Star

Yes

Square

↑↓

3.310

√ 417.

III

2 Lines

Dash/4 dots/Star

Square

↑↑

Ste, HC, Noon

3.311

√ 418.

III

2 Lines

Dash/4 dots/Star

Square

↑↓

Ste, Bald

Also Ref: Weir. List issued Sept 2000.

3.312

419.

III

2 Lines

Dots

Yes

Square

↑↑

Ref: BM (1935.0401.12370 or 12379?)

RRR

3.313

419c.

III

2 Lines

Dots

Yes

Square

↑↓

Ref: Weir.

RRR

Obverse Varieties

Arrangement of legend	The Persian letters may be arranged in different ways. Normally in three lines but may be in two
Separator	The line separating the Persian from the English legends differs. It may be a single plain line, a number of dots and stars, or a number of dots alone. The shape of the star varies, and the dots sometimes appear as crescents. Only worn specimens with no separator have been examined. The absence of the separator may therefore simply be due to wear and is not recorded as a variety.
Stop After XX	There is usually a stop after the value letters XX. Sometimes this is missing.

	A	B	B1	C	D	E	E1	F	G	H
Arrangement of legend	3 lines	3 lines	3 lines	3 lines	3 lines	3 lines	2 Lines	2 lines	2 lines	2 lines
Separator	Plain	Dash/ 3 dots/ Star	Dash/ 3 dots/ Star	Dash/ 4 dots/ Star	Dash/ 4 dots/ Star	Dash/ 4 cups/ Star	Dash/3 cups/ Star	Dash/ 4 dots/ Star	Dash/4 dots/ Star	Dots
Stop After XX	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No		Yes	No	Yes

Reverse Varieties

There may or may not be a tiny dot in the centre of the reverse. This is probably an engraving remnant and is not a distinguishing feature.

Tamil Letter	The first and third letter in the Tamil legend may take a number of different forms. This might be the correct form, a modified form, a square form, or a square form without the central upright (NoU). This last variety has been recorded from Pridmore and may be the result of the letter not being fully visible on the flan, rather than a die variety.
Missing Letters	On one variety several letters are missing from the reverse

	I	II	III	IV	V
Tamil Letter	Correct	Modified	Square	Square	Malformed Square
Missing Letters	No	No	No	Yes	No

Madras Mint – Reformation – Copper, Ten Cash 1807

The diameter of the flans can vary quite considerably. Pridmore records a separate catalogue entry for a very large flan specimen. However, my investigations indicate that this is simply a coin at the extremity of the spectrum of diameters.


The value in Persian and English. (Persian = In dah kas ast = this is ten cash)		The value in Tamil and Telugu. (Telugu = Idi padi kasulu, Tamil = Idu pattu kasu = this is ten Cash)

Official Weight (g)	4.83
Actual Weight (g)	4.24-5.20
Actual Diameter (mm)	22.7-26.8
Composition	Copper
Edge	Plain
Mintage (to March 1808)	2,127,922

Catalogue

Cat No.

Photo Link

Obv

Rev

Obverse

Reverse

Axis

Provenance

Comments

Rarity

Separator

Stop

Letter

Separator

Tamil

Letter at Bottom

3.314

√ 420.

Plain

Yes

None

Correct

↑↑

Bald, Noon

3.315

√ 420c.

Plain

Yes

None

Modified

Ste, Bald

3.316

√ 421.

Plain

Yes

None

Square

↑↑

Ste, RJ

3.317

√ 422.

Plain

Yes

Line

Square

↑↑

Ste (Jay Lion), Noon

Some have larger diameter than others (Pr 233)

3.317A

√ 422a.

Plain

Yes

Line

Square

↑↑

Colon after X and CA over AS in CASH

3.317C

√ 422b.

Plain

Yes

Missing

Line

Square

↑↑

RJ, Ste

Missing alif on obverse

3.317E

√ 422c.

Plain

Line

Square

Coins Art, Noon

No dot after X

3.318

√ 425.

2 Plain

None

Modified

↑↑

Ste

3.318A

√ 425c.

2 Plain

None

Modified

↑↓

Noon

3.319

426.

2 Plain

Line

Square

↑↑

Ref: Thompson

3.320

√ 427.

3 Dots/Star

Yes

None

Modified

↑↑

Ste

3.321

√ 428c.

III

3 Dots/Star

Yes

None

Modified

Inverted

↑↓

Ste, RJ, Bald

3.322

√ 429.

3 Dots/Star

Yes

None

Square

↑↑

Ste, Noon

3.323

√ 429c.

5 Dots/Dash

Yes

None

Modified

↑↑

RJ, Bald, Noon

3.324

√ 430.

5 dots/dash

Yes

None

Square

↑↑

RJ, Noon

3.324C

√ 430b.

5 dots/dash

None

Modified

↑↑

3.325

√ 430c.

5 dots/dash

None

Square

↑↑

RJ, Noon

3.326

√ 431.

6 dots/dash

Yes

None

Square

↑↑

RJ, SA, Noon

3.326C

√ 431b.

III

7 dots/dash

Yes

None

Modified

Inverted

↑↑

Ste, RJ

3.326D

√ 431d.

7 dots/dash

Yes

None

Square

↑↑

3.327

√ 431c.

7 dots

Yes

None

Modified

↑↑

3.328

√ 432.

7 dots

Yes

None

Square

↑↑

Ste

3.329

√ 433.

9 dots

Yes

None

Modified

↑↑

Ste

Obverse Varieties

Separator	The line separating the Persian from the English legends differs. It may be a plain line, two plain lines, a number of dots and a star, or a number of dots alone. The single plain line variety often has a second thin line immediately underneath. The double plain line variety is two clearly separated lines of about the same width
Stop After X	There is usually a stop after the X value letter. Sometimes this is missing.
Missing Letter	On one variety the letter alif is missing from the bottom right of the Persian legend

	A	A1	A2	B	C	D	E	F	F1	G	H
Separator	Plain	Plain	Plain	Two Plain	3 Dots/Star	5 dots/dash	5 dots/dash	6 dots/dash	7 dots/dash	7 Dots	9 Dots
Stop After X	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Missing Letter	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No

Reverse Varieties

Separator	There may or may not be a dividing line between the Tamil and Telugu legends.
First Tamil Letter	The first letter in the Tamil legend may take a number of different forms. This might be the correct form, a modified form or a square form.
Centre Letter at Bottom	The letter in the centre of the bottom line may be correct or inverted

	I	II	III	IV	V
Separator	None	None	None	None	Plain Line
First Tamil Letter	Correct	Modified	Modified	Square	Square
Centre Letter at Bottom	Correct	Correct	Inverted	Correct	Correct

Madras Mint – Reformation – Copper, Five Cash 1807


The value in Persian and English (Persian = In panj kas ast = this is five cash)		The value in Tamil and Telugu. (Telugu = Idu anacu kasu, Tamil = Idi aedu kasulu = this is five Cash)

Official Weight (g)	2.41
Actual Weight (g)	1.99-2.70
Actual Diameter (mm)	19.6-21.3
Composition	Copper
Edge	Plain
Axis	Varies. See below
Mintage (to March 1808)	1,216,822

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Obv	Obverse			Axis	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
Cat No.	Photo Link	Obv	Separator	Value	Stop	Axis	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.330	√ 434.	A	None	V CASH	Yes	↑↓	Ste, Bald		R
3.331	√ 435.	A	None	”	Yes	↑↑	RJ		R
3.332	√ 437.	B	7 Dots	”	Yes	↑↑	Ste, Noon		S
3.333	√ 436a.	B	7 Dots	”	Yes	↑↓	Ste	See photos for a specimen with re-engraved dots	S
3.333B	436e.	C	9 Dots	”	Yes	↑↑			RR
3.333C	√ 436.	C	9 Dots	”	Yes	↑↓	Ste		S
3.333E	√ 436d.	C1	9 Dots	”	No	↑↓	Noon		S
3.333F	√ 436g.	C2	10 Dots	”	Yes		Jay Lion		RR
3.333G	√ 436b.	D	5 dots/dash	”	Yes	↑↑	RJ		R
3.333J	√ 436c.	E	Dots & Star	X CASH	Yes	↑↓	RJ	English value X CASH	RRR

Obverse Varieties

Separator	The line separating the Persian from the English legends differs. It may be dots and dash, a number of dots alone, dots and star, or no separator.
English Value	The English value is usually expressed as ‘V CASH’ on one example it is ‘X CASH’ but the value in all other languages is five cash, and the weight is that of a 5 cash coin.
Stop	There is usually a stop after the value letter V or X. Sometimes this is missing

There may also be varieties with large and small English letters. Not enough examples have been examined to clarify this point.

	A	B	C	CI	C2	D	E
Separator	None	7 Dots	9 Dots	9 Dots	10 Dots	5 dots/dash	Dots & Star
English Value	V CASH	V CASH	V Cash	V Cash	V CASH	V CASH	X CASH
Stop	Yes	Yes	Yes	NO	Yes	Yes	Yes

Madras Mint – Reformation – Copper, Two & a Half Cash 1807


The value in Persian and English (Persian = In do va-nim kas ast = This is two and a half cash). Within a beaded circle.		The value in Tamil and Telugu. (Tamil = Idu 2½ kasu, Telugu = Idi 2½ kasulu = this is 2½cash). Within a beaded circle.

Official Weight (g)	1.21
Actual Weight (g)	Varies. See table below
Actual Diameter (mm)	”
Composition	Copper
Edge	Plain
Mintage(up to March 1808)	561,622
Axis	Varies. See below

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Obv	Bar	Axis	Actual wt (g)	Actual Diam (mm)	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.334	√ 438.	A	Yes	↑↓	1.06-1.30	15.5-17.6	Ste, Tody, Noon, Bald, HC, eBay	The die axis on many recorded specimens is not known	S
3.334C	√ 438c.	A	Yes	↑↑	”	”	Ste		R
3.335	√ 439.	B	No	↑↑	”	”	Ste,		R
3.336	√ 440.	B	No	↑↓	”	”	Ste, Bald, Newey	The die axis on many of the recorded specimens is not known	S
3.336C	√ 440c.	B	No	↑↓	”	19.6-20.0	RJ	Large numeral 2 in 2½	RR
3.337	441.	B?	No?	↑↑	2.32	20.5		Ref: BM 1935.0401.12380 and Kaslove. Same size and weight as five cash. The letters are noticeable larger and spread out to fill the flan. This is probably a pattern or trial for a larger sized coin.	RRR

Obverse Varieties

Bar in 1/2

There may or may not be a horizontal bar in 1/2

The size of the numeral 2 in 2½ was previously used to differentiate types but since some coins have an intermediate sized 2, the presence or absence of a horizontal bar in ½ is now used.

	A	B
Bar in 1/2	Yes	No

Madras Mint – Reformation – Silver, Double, Single & Half Rupee 1807

The rupee and double rupee were struck directly onto Spanish 8 reales coins.

Unlike the rupee and fractions, the double rupee engraving varies widely like the 1807-1812 pagoda/fanam/cash series. The double rupee dies were engraved in Madras whilst the dies for the rupees and fractions were prepared from matrix dies sent from Calcutta. These denominations have the Calcutta privy mark of a dot located above two diamonds on the obverse, whilst the double rupees do not.


sikka mubārak bādshāh ghāzī aziz-al-dīn muḥammad. ‘ālamgīr. [AH] (= The auspicious coin of the Victorious Emperor. Chosen of the faith of Muḥammad. ‘Ālamgīr. [AH]). All within a toothed border for double rupee and plain for single and half.		ẓarb arkāt sanah [RY] julūs maimanat mānūs (= Struck at Arkāt in the [RY] year of his reign of tranquil prosperity). All within a toothed border for double rupee and plain for single and half.

	Double Rupee	Rupee	Half Rupee
Official Weight (g)	24.19	12.10	6.05
Actual Weight (g)	23.63-24.40	11.96-12.18	5.92-6.07
Actual Diameter (mm)	38.8-40.3	26.8-28.2	21.8-22.4
Composition	Silver
Edge	Grained Right

Catalogue

Cat No.

Photo Link

Pr No.

Denomination

Obv

Rev

Axis

Provenance

Comments

Mintage

Rarity

3.338

√ 443.

245

Double Rupee

1172

↑↑

Ste, Coins Art, Bombay, RJ, Noon

165,712

3.339

444.

245

”

1172

↑↓

Ref: BM

3.340

√ 445a.

245

”

1172

↑↑

Ste, Bombay (same specimen), Noon

Mint specimen

RRR

3.341

√ 442.

”

1177

↑↑

Noon

RRR

3.342

√ 444c.

”

No date

HC, Dinyar Maddon (via HC)

RRR

3.343

√ 445.

246

”

1172

↑↑

Ste, Noble, Noon

3.344

√ 446.

247

Rupee

1172

”

Ste, Spink, Noon

2,144,806

3.344A

√ 446c.

247

”

1172

↑↑

Mint specimen

RRR

3.345

√ 447.

247

”

1172

↑↓

Ste

3.346

√ 447c.

Copper uniface Rupee

1172

Bald

RRR

3.347

√ 447e.

8 reales overstruck with rupee die

Ste

RRR

3.348

√ 448.

248

Half Rupee

1172

↑↑

Ste, Noon

108,180

3.349

√ 449.

”

1172

↑↑

Mint specimen

RRR

Obverse Varieties for Double Rupee

Decorative Dots

There may or may not be decorative dots on the obverse. The number and position of these dots vary.

	A	B
Decorative Dots	Yes	No

Reverse Varieties for Double Rupee

Decorative Dots

There may or may not be decorative dots on the reverse. The number and position of these dots vary.

	I	II
Decorative Dots	Yes	No

NB. Reverse III has been deleted because more specimens have become available showing that differences in arrangement of dot groups occur on almost every specimen.

Madras Mint – Reformation – Silver, Quarter & Eighth Rupee 1807


sikka bādshāh ‘ālamgīr. 1172. (= Coin of the Emperor. ‘Ālamgīr). 1172. All within a plain border.		ẓarb arkāt sanah [RY] (= Struck at Arkot in the [RY] year). All within a plain border

	Quarter Rupee	Eighth Rupee
Official Weight (g)	3.02	1.51
Actual Weight (g)	2.99-3.05	1.54
Actual Diameter (mm)	16.5-17.2	16.4-16.8
Composition	Silver
Edge	Grained Right

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Pr No.	Denomination	AH	RY	Axis	Provenance	Comments	Mintage	Rarity
3.350	√ 450.	249	Quarter Rupee	1172	6	↑↑	Ste, RJ		18,216	RRR
3.350A	√ 450c.	249	”	1172	6	↑↑	RJ	Mint specimen		RRR
3.351	√ 451.	250	Eighth Rupee	1172	6	↑↑	Ste		20,046	RRR
3.351A	√ 451c.	250	”	1172	6	↑↑	RJ			RRR

Madras Mint – Reformation – Silver, Four Annas 1808

(= Chahar ana rupiya = Four annas of a rupee)

(Tamil = Nalu ana, Telugu = Nalugu analu = Four annas)

The value in Persian within a buckled garter. On the garter is the value in English.

FOUR ANNAS

All within a beaded border.

The value in Telugu in two lines separated by a bead surrounded by a ribbon, the ends of which are separated by a star. On the ribbon is the value in Tamil.

Official Weight (g)	2.97
Actual Weight (g)	2.74-2.96
Actual Diameter (mm)	16.4-17.2
Composition	Silver
Edge	Grained Right
Axis	↑↑
Mintage	165,712

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Pr. No.	Obv	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.352	√ 452.	305	A	Ste, RJ, Noon, Tody, Oswal	The tail of the left letter in the outer Tamil legend on the reverse points inward or outward.	RR
3.353	√ 453.	306	B	Ste, RJ, HC, Noon		RR

Obverse Varieties

Stop in Legend

There may or may not be a centre stop in the English legend.

	A	B
Stop in Legend	None	Centre

Madras Mint – Reformation – Silver, Two Annas 1807

Originally described as ‘possibly a pattern’, but now believed to be a small issue in 1807


Do ana rupiya (= Two annas of a rupee)		Tamil = Irantu ana; Telugu = Renddu analu (= Two annas)

Actual Weight (g)	1.41-1.56
Actual Diameter (mm)	15.8-16.5
Composition	Silver
Edge	Grained Right
Axis	Varies. See below

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Pr No.	Axis	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.354	√ 454.	309	↑↓	Ste, Tody		RR
3.354A	√ 454b.	309	↑↓	Noon	Mint specimen	RRR
3.354B	√ 454c.	309	↑↑	Ste, RJ		RR

Madras Mint – Reformation – Silver, Two Annas 1808

The value in Persian within a buckled garter. On the garter is the value in English.

TWO ANNAS

All within a beaded border. (Persian = Do ana rupiya = Two annas of a rupee)

The value in Telugu in two lines separated by a bead surrounded by a ribbon, the ends of which are separated by a star. On the ribbon is the value in Tamil. All within a beaded border. (Tamil = Irantu ana, Telugu = Renddu analu = Two annas).

Official Weight (g)	1.48
Actual Weight (g)	1.42-1.51
Actual Diameter (mm)	16.1-16.8
Composition	Silver
Edge	Grained Right
Mintage	64,558

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Pr No.	Obv	Rev	Axis	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.355	√ 455.	307	B	II	↑↑	Ste, RJ, Marudhar, Noon		RR
3.356	√ 456.	308	B	III	“	Noon	No star	RRR
3.357	√ 457.	307	C	IV	“	Ste, Stack	Telugu letter na inverted	RR
3.357A	√ 457c.	307	C	V	?	Bald	Telugu letter na written differently and shading on ends of ribbon on reverse.	RR

The previous obverse A and reverse I are now listed as the 1807 issue above.

Obverse Varieties

Stop in Legend

There may or may not be a stop in the English legend.

	B	C
Stop in Legend	None	Centre

Reverse Varieties

Star	There may or may not be a star separating the ends of the ribbon.
Telugu Legend	The bottom centre letter na of the Telugu legend may be normal, inverted or written differently
Shading in ribbon	There may or may not be shading on the ends of the ribbon

	II	III	IV	V
Star	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Telugu Legend	Normal	Normal	Inverted	Differs
Shading in Ribbon	No	No	No	Yes

Madras Mint – Reformation – Copper, Two Dubs 1807-1808


A Persian Inscription in four lines: do falūs Hanarabal Kampini isavi 1807 (= Two falūs of the Honourable Company. Christian year 1807).		The value in Telugu in three lines within a plain circle. Around this is the value in Tamil. All within another plain circle. (Telugu = Kampini varuvesana renddu dabbulu, Tamil = Kumpini yarapotta irantu dabbu = Honourable Company, two dubs).

Official Weight (g)	20.61
Actual Weight (g)	20.69-22.13
Actual Diameter (mm)	39.9-40.3
Composition	Copper
Edge	Plain
Axis	↑↓

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Pr No.	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.358	√ 458.	327	Ste, Noon, Bald	There appear to be two obv varieties – one with the bottom of the Persian legend reaching almost to the rim of the coin, and one with it somewhat shorter (R. Weir). Because of the rarity of these coins, insufficient specimens have been examined to catalogue these as different varieties	RRR

Madras Mint – Reformation – Copper, Dub 1807-1808, Type 1


A Persian Inscription in four lines: Falūs Hanarabal Kampani isavi 1807 = Falūs of the honourable Company. Christian year 1807. All within a toothed rim.		The value in Telugu in three lines. Within a toothed rim. (Telugu = Kampini varuvesana dabbulu = Honourable Company, dub). All within a toothed rim.

Official Weight (g)	10.31
Actual Weight (g)	9.88-11.57
Actual Diameter (mm)	26.4-27.9
Composition	Copper
Edge	Plain
Axis	Varies. See below

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Pr. No.	Axis	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.359	√ 459.	328	↑↑	Ste,		RR
3.359A	√ 459e.	328	↑↓	Bald, Noon		RR
3.359B	√ 459g.	328	↑↓	Noon	Mint specimen	RRR

Madras Mint – Reformation – Copper, Dub 1807-1808, Type 2

This coin appears to use an obverse design similar to the dub shown above and the reverse design similar to the half dub shown below. Only one specimen has been seen so far.


The Inscription in four lines: Falūs Hanarabal Kampani isavi 1807 = Falūs of the honourable Company. Christian year 1807. All within a toothed rim.		The value in Telugu in three lines within a plain circle. Around this is the value in Tamil. All within another plain circle. (Telugu = Kampini varuvesana dabbu, Tamil = Kumpini yarapotta dabbu = Honourable Company, dub).

Official Weight (g)	10.31
Actual Weight (g)	10.57
Actual Diameter (mm)	~26
Composition	Copper
Edge	Plain
Axis	↑↑

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Pr. No.	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.360	√ 459c.	-	Bald		RRR

Madras Mint – Reformation – Copper, Half Dub 1807 to 1808


A Persian Inscription in four lines: Nim falūs Hanarabal Kampani isavi 1807 = Half falūs of the honourable Company. Christian year 1807		The value in Telugu in three lines within a plain circle. Around this is the value in Tamil. All within another plain circle. (Telugu = Kampini varuvesana Ara dabbu, Tamil = Kumpini yarapotta Arai dabbu = Honourable Company, half dub).

Official Weight (g)	5.15
Actual Weight (g)	4.94-5.25
Actual Diameter (mm)	21.6-22.3
Composition	Copper
Edge	Plain
Axis	Varies. See below

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Pr. No.	Obv	Axis	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.361	√ 461.	329	A	↑↑	Noon	Ref: BM. Large and small date varieties (R. Weir)	R
3.362	√ 460.	329	A	↑↓	Ste, Bald, Noon	Large and small date varieties (R. Weir)	S
3.362A	√ 460c.	329	A	↑↓	Noon	Mint specimen	RRR
3.363	√ 462.	330	B	↑↓	Ste		R

Obverse Varieties

Date

The date may be correct (1807) or incorrect (7107).

	A	B
Date	Correct	Incorrect

Madras Mint – Reformation – Copper, Quarter Dub 1807 to 1808


The value in Telugu. Telugu = Kampini varuvesana kal dabbu = Honourable Company quarter dub.		The value in Tamil in three lines. (Tamil = Kumpini yarapotta kal dabbu = Honourable Company, quarter dub).

Official Weight (g)	2.57
Actual Weight (g)	2.52-2.68
Actual Diameter (mm)	16.2-16.8
Composition	Copper
Edge	Plain
Axis	Varies. See below

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Pr. No.	Axis	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.364	√ 463.	331	↑↑	RJ		R
3.365	√ 464.	331	↑↓	Ste, Bald, Noon		S
3.365A	√ 464c.	331	↑↓	RJ	Mint specimen	RRR

Madras Mint – Reformation – Copper, Regulating Dub 1807 to 1808


A Persian Inscription in four lines: In Sikka Hanarabal Kampani seh falūs yek falam-i-Khurd ast. Isavi 1807 = this coin of the Honourable Company and three falūs are one small fanam. Christian year 1807.		The value in Telugu in five lines within a plain circle. Around this is the value in Tamil. All within another plain circle. (Telugu = idi nara mudu kadta dabbulu numera cinara ruku, Tamil = idu ammunu pudu dabbum oru sinna panam = this and three new dubs are one small fanam.

Official Weight (g)	7.56
Actual Weight (g)	7.40-7.61
Actual Diameter (mm)	26.4-26.8
Composition	Copper
Edge	Plain
Axis	Varies. See below

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Pr. No.	Axis	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.366	√ 465.	336	↑↓	Ste, HC, Noon		S
3.367	√ 466.	336	↑↑	HC	Ref: Kaslove	S

Madras Mint – Reformation – Copper, Two Dubs 1808 to 1812


A Persian Inscription in four lines: Do falūs Hanarabal Kampani isavi 1808 = Two falūs of the honourable Company. Christian year 1808		The value in Telugu in three lines. The value in English below. Within a toothed rim. (Telugu = Kampani varuvesana renddu dabbulu = Honourable Company, two dubs).

Official Weight (g)	20.61
Actual Weight (g)	19.69
Actual Diameter (mm)	36.0
Composition	Copper
Edge	Plain
Axis	↑↑

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Pr. No.	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.368	√ 467.	332	Pr.	Not sold in last 40 years. BM has an example, as has at least one private collector.	RRR

Photos from Girish Veera via S. Bhandare

These are all fakes

Photo below from Heritage sale 61550 (sept 2025), lot 21196. Probable fake

Madras Mint – Reformation – Copper, Dub 1808 to 1812


A Persian Inscription in four lines: Falūs Hanarabal Kampani isavi 1808 = Falūs of the honourable Company. Christian year 1808		The value in Telugu in three lines. The value in English below. Within a toothed rim. (Telugu = Kampini varuvesana dabbulu = Honourable Company, dub).

Official Weight (g)	10.31
Actual Weight (g)	9.55-10.46
Actual Diameter (mm)	Varies. See table below
Composition	Copper
Edge	Plain
Axis	↑↑

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Pr. No.	Actual Diam (mm)	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.369	√ 468.	333	26.7-27.0	RJ, Noon	Large flan variety. Occurs with large and small dates	RR
3.370	√ 469.	334	20.9-24.3	Ste, Noon	Small flan variety. Also occurs with large and small dates (R. Weir)	R

Madras Mint – Reformation – Copper, Half Dub 1808 to 1812


A Persian Inscription in four lines: Nim falūs Hanarabal Kampani isavi 1808 = Half falūs of the honourable Company. Christian year 1808		The value in Telugu in three lines. The value in English below. Within a toothed rim. (Telugu = Kampini varuvesana Ara dabbu = Honourable Company, half dub).

Official Weight (g)	5.15
Actual Weight (g)	4.61-5.36
Actual Diameter (mm)	25.8-28.1
Composition	Copper
Edge	Plain
Axis	↑↑

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Pr. No.	Obv	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.371	√ 470.	335	A	Ste, Noon		S
3.372	√ 471.	335	B	Ste, Noon, Murali Thantry		S

Obverse Varieties

Date Size

The date may be large or small.

	A	B
Date Size	Small	Large

Madras Mint – Reformation – Copper, Regulating Dub 1808 to 1812


A Persian Inscription in four lines: In Sikka Hanarabal Kampani seh falūs yek falam-i-Khurd ast. Isavi 1808 = this coin of the Honourable Company and three falūs is one small fanam. Christian year 1808		The value in Telugu in five lines within a plain circle. Around this is the value in Tamil. All within another plain circle. (Telugu = idi nara mudu kadta dabbulu numera cinara ruku, Tamil = idu ammunu pudu dabbum oru sinna panam = This and three new dubs are one small fanam

Official Weight (g)	7.56
Actual Weight (g)	6.87-7.65
Actual Diameter (mm)	26.5-27.0
Composition	Copper
Edge	Plain
Axis	↑↑

Catalogue

Cat No.	Photo Link	Pr. No.	Provenance	Comments	Rarity
3.373	√ 472.	337	Ste, RJ		RRR