A capital city of ancient and medieval
The city continued to be the capital of
the Muslim rulers (with a break of six years from 1206-1211 AD) up to 1342 AD. Ilyās Shāh shifted the capital
to pandua in 1342 AD.
Lakhnautī provides us with the earliest specimen of mintage in Bengal. The
importance of this city lies in the fact that it was the centre from where the
Muslims established their rule in
It is interesting to note that from the
15th century AD the name of Lakhnautī does not appear in the sources. It
then became identical with the ancient city of Gaur, remains of which are now
spread over the Maldah district of West Bengal and the Nawabganj district of
Bangladesh. During the rule of the sultans, Gaur sprawled over an area of about
40 square kilometres. In Abul Fazl's time (late 16th century) Lakhnautī is
reported to have existed as a pargana in Maldah district. The changes in
the courses of the
Barani's (14th century) reference to the
city of Lakhnautī indicates that it had a two miles long big bazar. Its
main street, running from south to north, was broad and straight. Shops in the market
places were well arranged in rows. It appears that besides the old palaces of
Ballalbari in the northern suburb of Phulwari, there was a new palace in
Patalchandi, the southern suburb of the city. cunningham,
surveying the adjoining regions, came to the conclusion that the medieval city
of Lakhnautī was situated on the northern part of the present site of Gaur
and was four miles long and two miles broad. The city then included the famous
sites of Phulwari, Kamalabari, Patalchandi, Ballalbari, Sagar Dighi, Ramkeli
etc. At present, the whole area looks like a far-flung village with some
remains of forts, gates, tanks and streets. [Md Akhtaruzzaman]
Bibliography JH Ravenshaw, Gaur: Its
Ruins and Inscriptions, London, 1878; A Cunningham, The Archaeological
Survey of India Report, XV, Calcutta, 1882;Abid Ali Khan & HE
Stapteton, Memories of Gaur and Pandua, Calcutta, 1931; ABM Husain et al
(ed), Gawr - Lakhnawti, Dhaka, 1997.